Chapter 13
The Joints
![Introduction to Joints](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14058.jpg)
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are…
![Functional Classification of Joints](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14059.jpg)
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones.…
![Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14060.jpg)
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no…
![Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14061.jpg)
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike…
![Articulations of the Vertebral Column](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14069.jpg)
In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between…
![Knee Joint](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14074.jpg)
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is…
![A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/63880_t.png)
In primary osteoarthritis (OA), normal 'wear and tear' associated with aging inhibits the ability of cartilage to sustain its load-bearing and…
![Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/62210_t.png)
The shoulder is one of the human body's most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints,…