Chapter 20
The Special Senses
![Introduction to Special Senses](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14960.jpg)
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into…
![Accessory Structures of the Eye](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14961.jpg)
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as…
![Focusing of Light in the Eye](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14963.jpg)
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts,…
![Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14964.jpg)
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's…
![Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14966.jpg)
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs…
![Taste Buds and Receptors](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14967.jpg)
Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with…
![Anatomy of the Ear](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14969.jpg)
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the…
![Auditory Pathway](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14970.jpg)
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral…
![Microdissection of the Rodent Eye](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/64414_t.png)
The ocular micro-dissection of the rodent eye involves the segmentation of the enucleated eyeball with the attached nictitating membrane, or third…
![Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/51804_t.png)
Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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In many neurodegenerative diseases and particularly in Parkinson’s disease, deficits in olfaction are reported to occur early in the disease…