Chapter 24
Blood Vessels and Circulation
![Overview of Blood Vessels](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15285.jpg)
The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving…
![Structure of Blood Vessels](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15286.jpg)
Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that…
![Capillaries and Their Types](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15288.jpg)
Capillaries, a crucial constituent of the circulatory system, are diminutive vessels with a diameter between 5–10 micrometers, accommodating…
![Capillary Beds](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15289.jpg)
Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases,…
![Veins](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15291.jpg)
Veins are an integral part of our circulatory system, serving as the blood vessels that transport blood from all body regions to the heart. They are…
![Veins as Blood Reservoirs](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15292.jpg)
Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64…
![Blood Pressure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15294.jpg)
The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of…
![Vascular Resistance](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15295.jpg)
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood…
![Venous Return](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15298.jpg)
The circulatory system plays a crucial role in ensuring the optimal functioning of the human body. One of its critical components is venous return -…
![Pulse](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15299.jpg)
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the…
![Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15301.jpg)
The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system,…
![Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15302.jpg)
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as…
![Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15305.jpg)
Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension,…
![Exercise and Cardiovascular Response](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15306.jpg)
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment…
![The Aorta](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15308.jpg)
The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it…
![The Arch of Aorta](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15309.jpg)
The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the…
![Abdominal Aorta](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15311.jpg)
Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned…
![Arteries of the Head and Neck](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15312.jpg)
The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function.…
![Arteries of Lower Limbs](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15314.jpg)
The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the…
![Overview of Systemic Veins](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15315.jpg)
Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins…
![Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15317.jpg)
The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key…
![Veins of the Head and Neck](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15318.jpg)
The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins.…
![Veins of the Lower Limbs](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15320.jpg)
The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be…
![Hepatic Portal System](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15321.jpg)
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal…
![Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/63719_t.png)
The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However,…
![Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/61838_t.png)
The pulsed-Doppler effect is the main technique used in clinical echography to assess blood flow. Applied with conventional focused ultrasound…