Ribosome बाध्य नवजात polypeptides का अलगाव<em> इन विट्रो में</em> MRNA के साथ translational रोकें ब्लॉग की पहचान के लिए
Summary
MRNA के पर translational को थामने साइटों की पहचान तकनीक वर्णित है. इस प्रक्रिया नवजात के दौरान एक लक्ष्य mRNA की इन विट्रो अनुवाद, नवजात denaturing जेल वैद्युतकणसंचलन का उपयोग श्रृंखला के आकार के विश्लेषण के बाद में राइबोसोम पर जमते polypeptides के अलगाव पर आधारित है.
Abstract
The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the messagefor review see 1. However, it’s now widely accepted that synonymous codon usage is the primary cause of non-uniform translational elongation rates1. Synonymous codons are not used with identical frequency. A bias exists in the use of synonymous codons with some codons used more frequently than others2. Codon bias is organism as well as tissue specific2,3. Moreover, frequency of codon usage is directly proportional to the concentrations of cognate tRNAs4. Thus, a frequently used codon will have higher multitude of corresponding tRNAs, which further implies that a frequent codon will be translated faster than an infrequent one. Thus, regions on mRNA enriched in rare codons (potential pause sites) will as a rule slow down ribosome movement on the message and cause accumulation of nascent peptides of the respective sizes5-8. These pause sites can have functional impact on the protein expression, mRNA stability and protein foldingfor review see 9. Indeed, it was shown that alleviation of such pause sites can alter ribosome movement on mRNA and subsequently may affect the efficiency of co-translational (in vivo) protein folding1,7,10,11. To understand the process of protein folding in vivo, in the cell, that is ultimately coupled to the process of protein synthesis it is essential to gain comprehensive insights into the impact of codon usage/tRNA content on the movement of ribosomes along mRNA during translational elongation.
Here we describe a simple technique that can be used to locate major translation pause sites for a given mRNA translated in various cell-free systems6-8. This procedure is based on isolation of nascent polypeptides accumulating on ribosomes during in vitro translation of a target mRNA. The rationale is that at low-frequency codons, the increase in the residence time of the ribosomes results in increased amounts of nascent peptides of the corresponding sizes. In vitro transcribed mRNA is used for in vitro translational reactions in the presence of radioactively labeled amino acids to allow the detection of the nascent chains. In order to isolate ribosome bound nascent polypeptide complexes the translation reaction is layered on top of 30% glycerol solution followed by centrifugation. Nascent polypeptides in polysomal pellet are further treated with ribonuclease A and resolved by SDS PAGE. This technique can be potentially used for any protein and allows analysis of ribosome movement along mRNA and the detection of the major pause sites. Additionally, this protocol can be adapted to study factors and conditions that can alter ribosome movement and thus potentially can also alter the function/conformation of the protein.
Protocol
Discussion
प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य परिणाम है, और इन विट्रो प्रतिलेखन और अनुवाद प्रतिक्रियाओं के लिए इस्तेमाल किया घटकों की गुणवत्ता एकाग्रता के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं. वर्तमान अध्ययन में हम व्यावसायिक र?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
यह काम मानव फ्रंटियर विज्ञान कार्यक्रम RGP0024 अनुदान द्वारा वित्त पोषित किया गया था.
Materials
| Name of reagent/ Kit | Company | Catalogue number |
| MEGAscript T7 High yield Transcription Kit | Ambion | AM1333 |
| Ribonuclease Inhibitor | Invitrogen | 15518012 |
| Trans [35S]-Label | MP Biomedicals | 0151006 |
| Ribonuclease-A | Invitrogen | 12091 |
| Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System, Nuclease Treated | Promega | L4960 |
| E. coli S30 Extract System for Linear Templates | Promega | L1030 |
| Centrifugation | Beckman Coulter | Optima TLX Ultracentrifuge |
| Storage phosphor autoradiography | GE Healthcare | Typhoon 9410 variable mode imager |
| Software for nascent polypeptide analysis | GE Healthcare | Image Quant TL, v2005 |
References
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