CNS चिकित्सा intranasal जाग चूहे प्रशासन
Summary
Intranasally जाग मस्तिष्क को निशाना बनाने का उद्देश्य के लिए चूहों को दवा प्रशासन के लिए एक विधि का वर्णन है. इस विधि संज्ञाहरण के बिना दवा के intranasal प्रशासन का उपयोग करने से अधिक लंबी अवधि, वितरण और न्यूनतम प्रणालीगत जोखिम के साथ नाक मस्तिष्क dosing दोहराने के लिए अनुमति देता है.
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a method of delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). It is non-invasive and allows large molecules that do not cross the blood-brain barrier access to the CNS. Drugs are directly targeted to the CNS with intranasal delivery, reducing systemic exposure and thus unwanted systemic side effects1. Delivery from the nose to the CNS occurs within minutes along both the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways via an extracellular route and does not require drug to bind to any receptor or axonal transport2. Intranasal delivery is a widely publicized method and is currently being used in human clinical trials3.
Intranasal delivery of drugs in animal models allows for initial evaluation of pharmacokinetic distribution and efficacy. With mice, it is possible to administer drugs to awake (non-anesthetized) animals on a regular basis using a specialized intranasal grip. Awake delivery is beneficial because it allows for long-term chronic dosing without anesthesia, it takes less time than with anesthesia, and can be learned and done by many people so that teams of technicians can dose large numbers of mice in short periods. Efficacy of therapeutics administered intranasally in this way to mice has been demonstrated in a number of studies including insulin in diabetic mouse models 4-6 and deferoxamine in Alzheimer’s mouse models. 7,8
The intranasal grip for mice can be learned, but is not easy and requires practice, skill, and a precise grip to effectively deliver drug to the brain and avoid drainage to the lung and stomach. Mice are restrained by hand using a modified scruff in the non-dominant hand with the neck held parallel to the floor, while drug is delivered with a pipettor using the dominant hand. It usually takes 3-4 weeks of acclimating to handling before mice can be held with this grip without a stress response. We have prepared this JoVE video to make this intranasal delivery technique more accessible.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
इस विधि से पता चलता है कि किस तरह चूहों intranasal दवा के नियमित खुराक के लिए संज्ञाहरण के उपयोग के बिना मस्तिष्क को लक्ष्य बनाएं दिया जा सकता है. Intranasal दवा न्यूनतम प्रयास के साथ समय की विस्तारित अवधि के लिए चूहो…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
लेखकों के लिए धन्यवाद HealthPartners संस्थागत पशु की देखभाल और क्षेत्र के अस्पताल में समिति का उपयोग करना चाहते हैं.
Materials
| Materials | Company | Cat # | Comment |
| P20 pipettor set at 6 μl | |||
| Gel loading pipette tips | |||
| Timer | |||
| Waste receptacle for tips | |||
| Dosing sheet for notes | |||
| Pen | |||
| Drug and vehicle | |||
| Container to hold drug vials | |||
| Animals to be dosed | |||
| Spare gloves | |||
| Paper towels to wipe urine | |||
| Table 3. Materials Needed |
References
- Dhuria, S. V., Hanson, L. R., Frey, W. H. Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: mechanisms and experimental considerations. J. Pharm Sci. 99, 1654-1673 (2010).
- Thorne, R. G., Pronk, G. J., Padmanabhan, V., Frey, W. H. Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration. 신경과학. , 127-481 (2004).
- Benedict, C., et al. Intranasal insulin as a therapeutic option in the treatment of cognitive impairments. Exp. Gerontol. 46, 112-115 (2011).
- Francis, G. J., et al. Intranasal insulin prevents cognitive decline, cerebral atrophy and white matter changes in murine type I diabetic encephalopathy. Brain. 131, 3311-3334 (2008).
- Francis, G., et al. Intranasal insulin ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes. 58, 934-945 (2009).
- Marks, D. R., Tucker, K., Cavallin, M. A., Mast, T. G., Fadool, D. A. Awake intranasal insulin delivery modifies protein complexes and alters memory, anxiety, and olfactory behaviors. J. Neurosci. 29, 6734-6751 (2009).
- Hanson, L., et al. Intranasal delivery of deferoxamine reduces spatial memory loss in APP/PS1 mice. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2, 160-168 (2012).
- Danielyan, L., et al. Protective effects of intranasal losartan in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Rejuvenation Research. 13, 195-201 (2010).
- Fine, J. M., et al. Intranasal deferoxamine improves performance in radial arm water maze, stabilizes HIF-1alpha, and phosphorylates GSK3beta in P301L tau transgenic mice. Exp. Brain Res. 219, 381-390 (2012).
- Lochhead, J. J., Thorne, R. G. Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64 (11), 614-628 (2012).
- Hanson, L. R., et al. Intranasal deferoxamine provides increased brain exposure and significant protection in rat ischemic stroke. J. Pharmacol. Exp Ther. 330, 679-686 (2009).
- Reger, M. A., et al. Effects of intranasal insulin on cognition in memory-impaired older adults: modulation by APOE genotype. Neurobiol. Aging. 27, 451-458 (2006).
- Kim, C. H., Song, H. y. u. n., M, E. u. n. A. h. n., Lee, Y., G, J., Yoon, J. H. Effect of hypo-, iso- and hypertonic saline irrigation on secretory mucins and morphology of cultured human nasal epithelial cells. Acta Otolaryngol. 125, 1296-1300 (2005).
- Greiff, L., Andersson, M., Wollmer, P., Persson, C. G. Hypertonic saline increases secretory and exudative responsiveness of human nasal airway in vivo. Eur. Respir. J. 21, 308-312 (2003).
