Последовательное фото-отбеливание разграничить отдельные клетки шванновских в нервно-мышечном соединении
Summary
Визуализация отдельных клеток в плотно упакованных тканей, таких как терминал шванновских клеток (СК) в нервно-мышечных соединениях (NMJs), является сложной задачей. "Последовательное фото-отбеливание» позволяет разграничения одного КА терминала, например, в трицепс мышцы грудины эксплантов, удобный нервно-мышечного препарата, где последовательного отбеливания могут быть объединены с покадровой обработки изображений и<em> Апостериорных</em> Immunostainings.
Abstract
Sequential photo-bleaching provides a non-invasive way to label individual SCs at the NMJ. The NMJ is the largest synapse of the mammalian nervous system and has served as guiding model to study synaptic structure and function. In mouse NMJs motor axon terminals form pretzel-like contact sites with muscle fibers. The motor axon and its terminal are sheathed by SCs. Over the past decades, several transgenic mice have been generated to visualize motor neurons and SCs, for example Thy1-XFP1 and Plp-GFP mice2, respectively.
Along motor axons, myelinating axonal SCs are arranged in non-overlapping internodes, separated by nodes of Ranvier, to enable saltatory action potential propagation. In contrast, terminal SCs at the synapse are specialized glial cells, which monitor and promote neurotransmission, digest debris and guide regenerating axons. NMJs are tightly covered by up to half a dozen non-myelinating terminal SCs – these, however, cannot be individually resolved by light microscopy, as they are in direct membrane contact3.
Several approaches exist to individually visualize terminal SCs. None of these are flawless, though. For instance, dye filling, where single cells are impaled with a dye-filled microelectrode, requires destroying a labelled cell before filling a second one. This is not compatible with subsequent time-lapse recordings3. Multi-spectral “Brainbow” labeling of SCs has been achieved by using combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins4. However, this technique requires combining several transgenes and is limited by the expression pattern of the promoters used. In the future, expression of “photo-switchable” proteins in SCs might be yet another alternative5. Here we present sequential photo-bleaching, where single cells are bleached, and their image obtained by subtraction. We believe that this approach – due to its ease and versatility – represents a lasting addition to the neuroscientist’s technology palette, especially as it can be used in vivo and transferred to others cell types, anatomical sites or species6.
In the following protocol, we detail the application of sequential bleaching and subsequent confocal time-lapse microscopy to terminal SCs in triangularis sterni muscle explants. This thin, superficial and easily dissected nerve-muscle preparation7,8 has proven useful for studies of NMJ development, physiology and pathology9. Finally, we explain how the triangularis sterni muscle is prepared after fixation to perform correlated high-resolution confocal imaging, immunohistochemistry or ultrastructural examinations.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
SC метод отбеливания, представленные здесь, простой, быстрый и универсальный: (I) Оно позволяет выявить одну SC морфологии и динамики с помощью конфокальной микроскопии на основе одного трансгенного – что является существенным преимуществом при объединении подход, например, с болезн…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Мы хотели бы поблагодарить Manuela Будак, Лилиана Marinkovi и Кристина Wullimann за отличную техническую помощь. Мы благодарим В. Маклин для обеспечения Plp-GFP мышей. TM при поддержке Института перспективных исследований (Technische Universität München), Немецкого Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 596), в Александро-фон-Humboldt-фондом и Национальным агентством по финансированию («Bundesministerium für Bildung унд Forschung" ) в рамках ERA-Net Нейрон "iPSoALS" и "2-фотонных изображений". TM MB и поддерживается Центром Integrated Science белка (Мюнхен). PM при поддержке Высшей школы Technische Universität München (TUM-GS).
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company (example) | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
| 70% (vol/vol) ethanol solution | Roth | T913.1 | in spray bottle |
| isoflurane | Forene, Abbott | any other approved anaesthetic can be used for lethal anaesthesia | |
| transgenic mice (Plp-GFP) | to be obtained from cited sources | ||
| dissection microscope with cold-light illumination | Olympus SZ51 | equipped with Schott KL 1500 LCD | |
| forceps #2 | Fine Science Tools | 11233-20 | |
| forceps #5 | Fine Science Tools | 11295-00 | |
| scissors, large medical | Fine Science Tools | 14108-09 | |
| scissors, small angled spring | Fine Science Tools | 15033-09 | |
| in-line heater | Warner Instruments | SF-28 | |
| heating ring for 3.5-cm dishes | Warner Instruments | 64-0110 DH-35 | |
| two channel temperature control system | Warner Instruments | TC-344B | |
| superfusion pump system | custom-built | ||
| 15-cm tissue culture dish | Sarstedt | 83.1803.003 | filled with ice and covered by metal plate |
| 10-cm tissue culture dish | Sarstedt | 83.1802.003 | with oxygenated Ringer’s solution |
| 3.5-cm tissue culture dish | Sarstedt | 83.1800.003 | filled with Sylgard polymer |
| Sylgard polymer | Dow Corning | Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit | |
| confocal microscope | Olympus | FV1000 | with argon laser |
| 50-ml reaction tube | Sarstedt | 62.547.254 PP | |
| 4% PFA in PBS | Sigma | P6148 | |
| cannula 0.5 mm x 25 mm | Neolab | E-1510 | |
| syringe 1 ml | Neolab | E-1496 | |
| synaptophysin antibody | Invitrogen | 18-0130 | rabbit |
| secondary antibody | Invitrogen | A-11012 | Alexa 594 |
| 24-well plate | Sarstedt | 83.1836 | |
| 0.01 M PBS | Sigma | P4417 | |
| 0.1 M glycine in PBS | Roth | 3790.1 | |
| coverslips | Neolab | E-4132 | |
| slides | Neolab | E-4121 | |
| Vectashield | Vector labs | H-1000 | |
| minutien pins ×10 | Fine Science Tools | 26002-20 | shortened to < 4 mm |
| α-Bungarotoxin coupled to Alexa 594 | Invitrogen (Molecular Probes) | B-13423 | |
| Blocking Solution | |||
| 0.01 M PBS | |||
| 0.2% Triton-X100 | Roth | 3051.3 | |
| 10% Normal Goat Serum | Abcam | ab7481 | |
| 1% bovine serum albumin | Sigma | A7030 | |
| Ringer bubbled with 95% O2 /5% CO2 |
|||
| 125 mM NaCl | Sigma | S7653 | |
| 2.5 mM KCl | Sigma | P9333 | |
| 1.25 mM NaH2PO4 | Sigma | S8282 | |
| 26 mM NaHCO3 | Sigma | S6297 | |
| 2 mM CaCl2 | Sigma | 21114 | |
| 1 mM MgCl2 | Sigma | 63020 | |
| 20 mM glucose | Sigma | G7528 | |
Table 1. Specific reagents and equipments. |
References
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