Техника генетически манипулировать эпителиальных клеток в целом<em> Бывших естественных условиях</em> Культурной эмбриональных подчелюстной железы мыши (SMG) с помощью вирусного переноса генов описано. Этот метод использует врожденные способности SMG эпителия и мезенхимы спонтанно рекомбинировать после разделения и инфекции эпителиальных зачатков с аденовирусных векторов.
Branching morphogenesis occurs during the development of many organs, and the embryonic mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is a classical model for the study of branching morphogenesis. In the developing SMG, this process involves iterative steps of epithelial bud and duct formation, to ultimately give rise to a complex branched network of acini and ducts, which serve to produce and modify/transport the saliva, respectively, into the oral cavity1-3. The epithelial-associated basement membrane and aspects of the mesenchymal compartment, including the mesenchyme cells, growth factors and the extracellular matrix, produced by these cells, are critical to the branching mechanism, although how the cellular and molecular events are coordinated remains poorly understood 4. The study of the molecular mechanisms driving epithelial morphogenesis advances our understanding of developmental mechanisms and provides insight into possible regenerative medicine approaches. Such studies have been hampered due to the lack of effective methods for genetic manipulation of the salivary epithelium. Currently, adenoviral transduction represents the most effective method for targeting epithelial cells in adult glands in vivo5. However, in embryonic explants, dense mesenchyme and the basement membrane surrounding the epithelial cells impedes viral access to the epithelial cells. If the mesenchyme is removed, the epithelium can be transfected using adenoviruses, and epithelial rudiments can resume branching morphogenesis in the presence of Matrigel or laminin-1116,7. Mesenchyme-free epithelial rudiment growth also requires additional supplementation with soluble growth factors and does not fully recapitulate branching morphogenesis as it occurs in intact glands8. Here we describe a technique which facilitates adenoviral transduction of epithelial cells and culture of the transfected epithelium with associated mesenchyme. Following microdissection of the embryonic SMGs, removal of the mesenchyme, and viral infection of the epithelium with a GFP-containing adenovirus, we show that the epithelium spontaneously recombines with uninfected mesenchyme, recapitulating intact SMG glandular structure and branching morphogenesis. The genetically modified epithelial cell population can be easily monitored using standard fluorescence microscopy methods, if fluorescently-tagged adenoviral constructs are used. The tissue recombination method described here is currently the most effective and accessible method for transfection of epithelial cells with a wild-type or mutant vector within a complex 3D tissue construct that does not require generation of transgenic animals.
Экс естественных эпителиальных мезенхимальных рекомбинации техника была впервые опубликована в подчелюстной слюнной железы в 1981 16. В этом протоколе, мы расширяем на оригинальный метод, с помощью аденовирусной инфекции манипулировать эпителиальные клетки экспрессии генов…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Авторы хотели бы поблагодарить д-ра Дейдра Нельсон за полезные замечания и критическое чтение рукописи. Эта работа финансировалась грантами NIH DE019244, DE019197, и DE021841 к ML, F32DE02098001 к SJS, и C06 RR015464 в университете в Олбани, штата Нью-Йорк.
Name of the Reagent | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
DMEM/Ham’s F12 Medium without phenol red | Life Technologies | 21041-025 | |
Penicillin and Streptomycin | Life Technologies | 15070-163 | 10X stock |
Dispase | Life Technologies | 17105-041 | Freeze single use aliquots at -20C |
BSA | Sigma | A2934-100G | Fraction V, low endotoxin |
Adeno-X-GFP | BD Biosciences | 8138-1 | Should be high titer (1×1010 pfu/ml). CsCl purified viruses are more effective than column-purified viruses in this assay. |
16% Paraformaldehyde | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 15710 | Diluted to 2% in PBS with 5% sucrose (w/v) |
1X Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) | Life Technologies | 70011-044 | Prepared from 10X stock |
Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution | Life Technologies | 14175095 | no Calcium, no Magnesium, no Phenol Red |
Transferrin | Sigma | T8158 | 25 mg/ml stock solution in DMEM/F12 media. Freeze single-use aliquots at -20C |
L- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Sigma | A4403 | 75 mg/ml stock solution in DMEM/F12 media.Freeze single-use aliquots at -20C |
Table 1. List of reagents required for SMG recombination protocol. | |||
10 cm sterile plastic dishes | Corning | 430167 | Non-tissue culture-treated plates can also be used. |
Stereo dissecting microscope with transmitted light base | Nikon | SMZ645 | Any stereo dissecting microscope can be used that has a transmitted light base. |
35 mm tissue culture dishes | Falcon | 353001 | Non-tissue culture-treated plates can also be used. |
50 mm diameter microwell dishes | MatTek Corporation | P50-G-1.5-14F | |
Nuclepore Track-Etch membrane filters | Whatman | 110405 | 13 mm diameter, 0.1 mm pore size |
Widefield fluorescence microscope | Carl Zeiss, USA | Axio Observer Z1 | Any fluorescence microscope (upright, inverted or stereo dissecting microscope) can be used to monitor GFP expression at low magnification with an attached digital camera. |
Confocal microscope | Leica Microsystems | TCS SP5 | Confocal microscopy is necessary to see detailed cell structures. Any confocal microscope can be used. |
Timed-pregnant female mice, strain CD-1 or ICR | Charles River Labs | Embryos are harvested on day 13 (with day of plug discovery designated as day 0). | |
Scalpel blade #11 | Fine Science Tools | 10011-00 | |
Scalpel handle #3 | Fine Science Tools | 10003-12 | |
Dumont #5 forceps inox alloy, 0.05mm X 0.02mm | Fine Science Tools | 11252-20 | Ideal for harvesting glands from embryos |
Dumont #5 forceps dumostar alloy, 0.05mm X 0.01mm | Fine Science Tools | 11295-20 | Fine tips are required for removing mesenchyme from epithelium. Tungsten needles can also be used. |
Table 2. Equipment used in SMG recombination protocol. |