赫尔辛基鼠显微旁瘤模型
Summary
Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.
Abstract
实验囊状动脉瘤模型所必需的试验新型手术和腔内治疗方案和设备之前，它们被引入到临床实践。此外，需要实验模型以阐明复杂动脉瘤生物学导致破裂囊状动脉瘤的。
几种不同类型的实验模型的囊状动脉瘤都建立了不同的物种。他们中的许多，但是，需要特殊的技能，昂贵的设备，或特殊的环境中，这限制了它们的广泛使用。一个简单的，强大的，廉价的实验模型是需要的，可以在各种机构的标准化方式使用标准化的工具。
显微大鼠腹主动脉旁瘤模型结合来研究这两个新的腔内治疗策略和动脉瘤生物学在一个标准化的和廉价的分子基础的可能性的方式。标准化的移植物由形状，大小和几何形状的装置被从供体大鼠的胸降主动脉收获，然后移植到同系受体鼠。动脉瘤是缝合的端至端具有连续或间断的9-0尼龙缝线的下腹主动脉。
我们目前对必要的设备一步一步的程序指令，信息，讨论重要的解剖和手术细节在大鼠腹主动脉旁瘤的显微外科成功创建。
Introduction
囊状动脉瘤破裂引起危及生命的出血导致中风，永久性的神经损伤，甚至死亡。破裂可以通过显微外科夹闭或血管内动脉瘤栓塞预防。一种医疗治疗，以防止动脉瘤的生长和破裂尚未确立。
需要为囊状动脉瘤的实验模型，研究动脉瘤并为新的治疗设备和策略，测试生物。为了这些目的，在不同物种的几个不同的模型已经开发和发布1。在猪，狗，兔较大动脉瘤模型，优选使用在复杂的动脉瘤架构1,2测试腔内的创新。鼠动脉瘤模型，另一方面，允许在转基因物种3,4测试研究问题，并促进澄清瘤生物学中的细胞和分子水平远远大于1种更好。虽然血管内反式颈动脉和反式髂设备部署仅限于大鼠（> 400-500克）和支架小于2.0毫米和1.5毫米的直径5,6，支架也可以通过直接插入置于腹主动脉段窝藏实验动脉瘤。使用大鼠显微腹主动脉侧壁动脉瘤模型先前的工作证明了其在测试新的栓塞装置的可行性和其在研究动脉瘤生物学3,7的分子基础使用。
很多目前公布的实验囊状动脉瘤模型需要昂贵的设备，特殊环境（ 如无菌手术室用透视功能），介入放射学的能力，或使用昂贵的品种。这些要求限制的广泛使用这些模式，并且导致在不同的实验室，这米使用不同的模型碟刹的数据比较和汇总分析困难的，如果不是不可能的。一个简单的，坚固的，并且便宜的实验模型是必要的，可用于在各种实验室标准化的方式，以获得来自不同机构的比较的结果，一个标准化的工具。为此，我们建立了大鼠主动脉壁囊状动脉瘤模型。
本报告的目的是介绍一步一步的过程说明，关于必要的设备，并讨论了在大鼠腹主动脉旁瘤显微外科成功创造重要的解剖及手术特点。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
在我们的囊状动脉瘤的复杂生物学的理解进展取决于流行病学和临床资料，在动物模型3,12,13辅以实验室检查对患者样本和实验工作分析。
小的动物，如大鼠本质上是与实验和壳体较低的成本相关联，并且减少需要专门的设备。的时间少于60分钟的大鼠的侧壁动脉瘤的显微创建的平均总操作时间比用于创建在兔子和狗2,14,15更复杂的显微静脉袋动脉分叉部动脉瘤…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of the presented study. Dr. Marbacher was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PBSKP3-123454). The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Author contributions to the study and manuscript preparation include the following. Conception and design: SM, JM, JF. Acquisition of data: SM, EA, JF. Analysis and interpretation of data: SM, JF, JM. Drafting the article: SM, JF, JM. Critically revising the article: JH, MN. Statistical analysis: SM, JF. Study supervision: JF, JH, MN.
Materials
| Name of Material/ Equipment | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| Medetomidine | Any genericon | ||
| Ketamin | Any genericon | ||
| Buprenorphine | Any genericon | ||
| Phosphate buffered saline | |||
| Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) | |||
| 3-0 resorbable suture | Ethicon Inc., USA | VCP824G | |
| 5-0 non absorbable suture | Ethicon Inc., USA | 8618G | |
| 6-0 non absorbable silk suture | B. Braun, Germany | C0761060 | |
| 9-0 nylon micro suture | B. Braun, Germany | G1118471 | |
| Spongostan | Ethicon Inc., USA | MS0002 | |
| Operation microscope | Leica , Germany | M651 | |
| Digital microscope camera | Sony, Japan | SSC-DC58AP | |
| Standard surgical instruments | B. Braun, Germany | Multiple | See protocol 1.4 |
| Microsurgical instruments | B. Braun, Germany | Multiple | See protocol 1.5 |
| Vascular clip applicator | B. Braun, Germany | FT495T | |
| Temporary vascular clamps | B. Braun, Germany | FT250T | |
| Graph Pad Prism statistical software | GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA | V 6.02 for Windows |
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