Femorale aspirazione del midollo osseo in Live Mice
Summary
This protocol describes a procedure for serial sampling of femoral bone marrow (BM) without requiring the sacrifice of mice. This procedure facilitates longitudinal studies of the BM composition of mice over time and provides serial access to cells within the BM for ex vivo and transplantation studies.
Abstract
Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed step-by-step technical procedure for an analogous procedure in live mice which allows for serial characterization of cells present in the BM. This procedure facilitates studies aimed to detect the presence of exogenously administered cells within the BM of mice as would be done in xenograft studies for instance. Moreover, this procedure allows for the retrieval and characterization of cells enriched in the BM such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) without sacrifice of mice. Given that the cellular composition of peripheral blood is not necessarily reflective of proportions and types of stem and progenitor cells present in the marrow, procedures which provide access to this compartment without requiring termination of the mice are very helpful. The use of femoral bone marrow aspiration is illustrated here for cytological analysis of marrow cells, flow cytometric characterization of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment, and culture of sorted HSPCs obtained by femoral BM aspiration compared with conventional marrow harvest.
Introduction
All blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Procedures which allow access to the bone marrow (BM), the site of the vast majority of HSC’s in mice and men, without requiring sacrifice of animals, provide a resource to monitor the source of hematopoiesis serially. The overall goal of the procedure described here is to provide a detailed protocol for the sampling of BM cells from the femur of live mice which provides material representative of the cells which would be retrieved by conventional harvest of BM cells through sacrifice of the mice. The advantage of this procedure over conventional harvest of BM cells is that this procedure does not require the sacrifice of mice and therefore allows for longitudinal study of the bone marrow compartment of mice over time.
Although this murine bone marrow aspiration procedure has been used in a number of studies and described previously (see Sundberg et al. for a historical review1), formal step-by-step procedures illustrating this technique have not been previously published. This protocol enables routine serial sampling of the BM for purposes such as assessing engraftment in the BM of cells exogenously introduced into the mouse (as would be done in xenograft studies for instance2,3), analysis of chimerism in the BM for comparison with that of the peripheral blood (where results are not necessarily congruent), monitoring the abundance of specific cell types normally enriched in the marrow such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and retrieval of BM cells for ex vivo culture and/or transplantation. In addition, evaluation of marrow contents may be very useful in murine models of hematological disease as aspiration is helpful in assessing hematological disease burden at time points when disease may not be evident in the peripheral blood3-5. Moreover, this technique may be used to evaluate response of hematologic disease in the marrow to drugs administered in therapeutic studies. Thus, the procedure described here is ideal for investigators wishing to obtain access to bone marrow hematopoietic cells from mice for cytological analysis, flow cytometric analysis, in vitro culturing, and/or in vivo transplantation studies without requiring sacrifice or harm to the mice.
The protocol for sampling of BM described here is quite similar to the technique used for intra-femoral injection of material directly into the marrow cavity3,6. The key difference being that this protocol details the procedure for removal of cells from the marrow as opposed to instilling material directly into the marrow cavity space as is done with intrafemoral injection.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Serial BM aspirazione è una procedura di routine fondamentale per indagine clinica dei disturbi ematologici negli esseri umani. La possibilità di eseguire un campionamento seriale analogo di BM in topi per la caratterizzazione della composizione cellulare e costituenti di BM tutta esperimenti lunghi è anche molto importante. Questa procedura è utile per la caratterizzazione di HSPC, senza perdere il mouse ma anche per rilevare la presenza di tipi cellulari aggiuntivi nel BM nei casi in cui il contenuto del sangue pe…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
O.A.-W. is supported by an NIH K08 Clinical Investigator Award (1K08CA160647-01), a U.S. Department of Defense Postdoctoral Fellow Award in Bone Marrow Failure Research (W81XWH-12-1-0041), the Josie Roberston Investigator Program, and a Damon Runyon Clinical Investigator Award with Support from the Evan’s Foundation.
Materials
| PBS | PAA | H15-002 | |
| Bovine Serum Albumin | PAA | K41-001 | |
| ACK lysis buffer | Homemade | in 1 L. Adjust pH 7.2 ~ 7.4 and filter sterile with 0.22 μm vacuum filter. | |
| 8.3 g Ammonium Chloride | Fisher Scientific | A661-500 | |
| 1 g Potassium Bicarbonate | Fisher Scientific | P184-500 | |
| 200 μl 0.5M EDTA pH 8 | Gibco | 15575-038 | |
| RPMI 1640 | PAA | E15-842 | |
| 0.5ml Tuberculin cyringe 27G 1/2 | Becton Dickinson | 305620 | |
| Sterile cell strainer 70 μm | Fisher Scientific | 22363548 | |
| Isoflurane, USP | Attane | NDC:66794-014-25 | |
| Blunt-End Needle | Stemcell Technologies | 28110 | |
| PrecisionGlide needle 23G | Becton Dickinson | 305193 | |
| 3ml syringe Luer-Lok Tip | Becton Dickinson | 309657 | |
| Non-Tissue Culture Treated Plate, 6 Well | Becton Dickinson | 351146 | |
| 12 x 75 mm 5 ml tubes | Becton Dickinson | 352054 | FACS staining |
| 12 x 75 mm 5 ml tubes with cell-strainer cap | Becton Dickinson | 352235 | FACS staining |
| NK1.1 APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 108723 | |
| CD11b APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 101225 | |
| CD45R (B220) APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 103223 | |
| CD3 APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 100222 | |
| Ly-6G and Ly-6C (Gr-1) APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 108423 | |
| Ter119 APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 116223 | |
| CD19 APC-Cy7 | Biolegend | 302217 | |
| CD4 APC-Cy7 | BioLegend | 317417 | |
| CD117 (c-KIT) PE | BioLegend | 105808 | |
| Ly-6A/E (Sca-1) PE-Cy7 | Biolegend | 122513 | |
| CD34 APC | Biolegend | 128612 | |
| CD16/32 e450 | eBioscience | 48-0161-82 | |
| DAPI (4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) | Sigma-Aldrich | 32670 | |
| MethoCult GF M3434 | STEMCELLTECHNOLOGIES | 3434 | For methocellulose culture |
| Carprofen | Crescent Chemical Company | C11045850 | 1 dose (5mg/kg) |
| Flow Cytometer, LSRFortessa | Becton Dickinson | ||
| Puralube Vet Ointment (Sterile Petrolatum Ophthalmic Ointment) | Dechra-US | 17033-211-38 |
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