适度的产前酒精暴露在成年大鼠社会行为的量化
Summary
The goal of the protocol presented here is to describe procedures to expose rats to moderate levels of alcohol during prenatal brain development and to quantify resulting alterations in social behavior during adulthood.
Abstract
Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several independent laboratories have demonstrated robust alterations in the social behavior of rodents exposed to alcohol during brain development across a wide range of exposure durations, timing, doses, and ages at the time of behavioral quantification. Prior work from this laboratory has identified reliable alterations in specific forms of social interaction following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the rat that persist well into adulthood, including increased wrestling and decreased investigation. These behavioral alterations have been useful in identifying neural circuits altered by moderate PAE1, and may hold importance for progressing toward a more complete understanding of the neural bases of PAE-related alterations in social behavior. This paper describes procedures for performing moderate PAE in which rat dams voluntarily consume ethanol or saccharin (control) throughout gestation, and measurement of social behaviors in adult offspring.
Introduction
儿童估计有1-5％被诊断患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASDs）2，其中包括胎儿酒精综合症（FAS），部分FAS（疫区），与酒精相关的神经发育障碍（ARNDs）3。在社会行为和认知赤字之间的儿童FASDs 4-7观察到的最常见的不良后果。消极后果不限于重产前酒精暴露（PAE），中度PAE不导致FAS的显眼形态，行为和认知缺陷特性可引起比较微妙，但仍然持续存在，缺陷在人类与FASDs 8-10和大脑发育11在非人类的动物暴露于乙醇。理解适度PAE的行为和相应的神经生物学后果的重要性是由这表明绝大多数的胎儿酒精中毒综合症病例属于少秒内目前的估计强调艾威范围频谱12。
几个独立的实验室报告了啮齿类动物的社会行为改变大脑发育过程中乙醇暴露相关，包括减少调查和互动1,13-15，改变打法14,16,17，增加响应积极的互动17,18，改建为社会刺激19-21，和赤字在社会上获得的食物的喜好和社会的认可存储器22。社会行为缺陷已观察暴露于重（血液乙醇浓度（BEC中）〜300毫克/分升）22,23或乙醇更温和的水平（BEC中〜80毫克/分升）1，并在广泛的范围内的其他显著参数因素，包括曝光定时，曝光的持续时间，并在行为测定时的年龄。
以前的研究已经证明，改变社会INT的具体方面eraction在成年大鼠歧视暴露在中等水平的酒精从控制动物暴露于糖精1,18。特别是，适度PAE一直被与强劲增长的摔跤，这表明增加的攻击行为，并在成年后社会调查（ 例如 ，嗅探合作伙伴）水平较低有关。因为在社会行为改变是PAE的可靠的后果，以下的PAE社会行为的量化可以保持为前进朝向PAE相关的改变中的社会行为的神经基础的更完整的理解和介入方法的发展的重要性。本文和相关视频的目标是提供指令的温和PAE协议和方法，用于在成年子女社会行为具有的量化可靠地分辨产前醇暴露从非暴露鼠后代。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
此处所描述的产前酒精暴露范例涉及在妊娠期间的乙醇自愿食用（5％V / V）的大鼠水坝。有许多用于在文献中，这相对于乙醇给药时间，剂量，时间和路线，以及所研究的物种不同表示脑发育过程中暴露的非人类的动物到乙醇的协议。虽然这里不提供彻底治疗各种暴露协议的优点，自愿饮用方法PAE的几个优点在本协议中描述的高亮显示。以前我们使用的流质饮食协议，常用于研究这方面的做法，?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Support provided by grant AA019462 to DAH and AA019884 to DDS.
Materials
| Saccharin sodium salt hydrate | Sigma | S1002 | |
| 190 proof ethanol | Sigma | 493538 | |
| Beaded glass drinking tubes | Fisher | 14-955K | |
| Natural rubber white #4 stopper one hole | Plasticoid | LSG4M181 | |
| 1" bend tubes-ball point | Ancare | TD-199-3" | |
| Paper rulers | N/A | N/A | www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/paper_rulers |
| Apparatus for social interaction | Custom built | N/A | 95 cm X 47 cm X 43 cm |
| Video cameras | N/A | N/A | Capable of recording low/no light conditions |
| Infrared illuminators | Vitek | VT-IR1-12 | |
| Teklad laboratory grade sani-chips | Harlan | 7090A | |
| Brush and dustpan | N/A | N/A | |
| Isopropyl alcohol | Sigma | W292907 | |
| Chlorine Dioxide (1.5 mg Tablets) | Quiplabs | N/A | Prepare per manufacturer's recommendation |
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