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생체공학

바이오 메디컬 응용 프로그램에 대한 초 소수성 고분자 재료를 제조

Published: August 28, 2015
doi:
10.3791/53117
,
1Department of Biomedical Engineering,Boston University, 2Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine,Boston University

Summary

Two- and three-dimensional superhydrophobic polymeric materials are prepared by electrospinning or electrospraying biodegradable polymers blended with a lower surface energy polymer of similar composition.

Abstract

영구 또는 준 비 젖은 상태를 가진 표면에 초 소수성 물질은 생물 의학 및 산업용 애플리케이션의 수에 대한 관심이다. 여기서 우리는 폴리 에스테르와 stearate- 이루어지는 소수성 합체 도프, 주요 성분으로서, 전기 방사 또는 생분해 성, 생체 적합성, 지방족 폴리 에스테르 (예, 폴리 카프로 락톤 및 폴리 (lactide- 공동 -glycolide))를 함유하는 중합체 혼합물을 electrospraying 방법을 서술 개질 된 폴리 (글리세롤 카보네이트) 초 소수성 생체 재료를 제공한다. 전기 방사 또는 electrospraying의 제조 기술은 각각의 상기 섬유 또는 입자 내에서 향상된 표면 거칠기 및 다공성을 제공한다. 폴리 에스테르와 혼합하고 안정적​​으로 전기 방사 또는 electrosprayed 수 표면 에너지가 낮은 공중 합체 도펀트의 사용은 이들 초 소수성 물질을 수득한다. 이러한 섬유 크기, 공중 합체 조성물의 도펀트 및 / 또는 CO와 같은 중요한 파라미터ncentration 및 젖음성에 미치는 영향을 설명합니다. 중합체 화학 및 공정 공학의 조합 가능성 다양한 애플리케이션 중합체의 광범위한 클래스에 일반화되어 확장 기술을 사용하여 애플리케이션 특정 물질을 개발하기 위해 다양한 기능 접근법을 제공한다.

Introduction

초 소수성 표면은 일반적으로 명백한 물 접촉을 전시로 분류되어 낮은 접촉각 히스테리시스보다 큰 150 ° 각도. 이들 표면은 1-6 일로 레지스트 얻어진 공기 – 액체 – 고체 계면을 확립하는 낮은 표면 에너지 재료에 높은 표면 거칠기를 도입하여 제조된다. 상기 제조 방법에 다층 박막이나 초 소수성 표면, 다층 기판 초 소수성 코팅 또는 심지어 벌크 초 소수성 구조를 따라 것이 제조 될 수있다. 이는 영구적 또는 반영구적 발수성 자기 세정 표면 (7), 마이크로 유체 장치 (8), 셀 / 단백질 표면 9,10, 드래그 감소면 (11), 및 약물 전달 장치 방오을 제조하는데 사용되는 유용한 특성이다 12- 15. 최근, 자극 – 반응 초 발수 재료가 습윤 상태로 비 – 습윤 화학적 의해 트리거되는 경우 기재되어 물리적, 또는 환경 단서 14,16-20 (예를 들면, 빛, 산도, 온도, 초음파, 그리고 현재의 전위를 / 적용),이 물질은 추가 응용 프로그램 21-25에 대한 사용을 찾고있다.

사용되는 물질은 생체 적합하지 않았다 같이 제 합성 초 소수성 표면은 methyldihalogenosilanes 26 재료 표면을 처리하여 제조 및 생체 의학 애플리케이션에 제한 값이었다 하였다. 여기에서 우리는 생체 적합성 고분자의 표면 및 벌크 초 소수성 물질의 준비에 대해 설명합니다. 우리의 방법은 전기 방사 또는 폴리 에스테르, 스테아린산 변성 폴리 (글리세롤 카보네이트) 27-30 이루어지는 소수성 합체 도프 주성분으로 생분해 성, 생체 적합성, 지방족 폴리 에스테르를 포함하는 중합체 혼합물을 electrospraying을 수반한다. 제조 기술과 fibe 내에 향상된 표면 거칠기 및 다공성을 제공각각의 RS 또는 입자, 공중합 도펀트의 사용은 폴리 에스테르와 혼합하고 안정적으로 전기 방사 또는 27,31,32 electrosprayed를 수 표면 에너지가 낮은 중합체를 제공한다.

폴리 (락트산) 등의 생분해 성 지방족 폴리 에스테르 (PLA), 폴리 (글리콜 산) (PGA), 폴리 (락트산 산성 CO의 히드 산) (PLGA), 폴리 카프로 락톤 (PCL)은 임상 적으로 승인 한 장치에 사용되는 중합체이다 때문에 합성 (33)의 그들의 비 독성, 생분해 성, 용이성의 생물 의학 재료 연구에서 눈에 띄는. PGA와 PLGA는 각각 34 ~ 37 1960 년대 생 흡수성 봉합과 1970 년대 초반, 같은 병원에 데뷔했다. 그 후,이 폴리 (히드 록시 산)이, 27,43은 메쉬 (44)는 발포체와 같은 마이크로 – 38, 39 및 40, 41는, 웨이퍼 / 디스크 (42) 나노 입자, 다른 응용 프로그램 특정 형태의 다양한 인자로 처리되었으며 영화 (45) </sup>.

지방족 폴리 에스테르뿐만 아니라 생물 의학 관심의 다른 중합체는 인장 강도뿐만 아니라, 높은 표면적과 다공성을 갖는 나노 또는 마이크로 메쉬 구조를 생성하기 위하여 전기 방사 될 수있다. 표 1리스트 합성 중합체의 전기 방사를 다양한 생물 의학 응용 프로그램 및 해당위한 참조. 전기 방사 및 electrospraying 신속하고 상업적으로 확장 가능한 기술이다. 이 접지 된 타겟 (46, 47)을 향하는 이들 두 유사한 기술은 고분자 용액의 표면 장력을 극복하기 위해 높은 전압 (정전 기적 ​​반발력)을인가에 의존 / 주사기 펌프 설정에서 용융. 이러한 기술은 표면 에너지가 낮은 중합체와 함께 사용되는 경우 ((예컨대 폴리 소수성 중합체 caprolactone- CO 글리세롤 모노 스테아 레이트)), 생성 된 물질 전시 superhydrophobicity.

이 일반적인 합성 및 자료 처리 방법을 설명하기 위해생물 의학 폴리머에서 초 소수성 물질을 구성, 우리는 초 소수성 polycaprolactone- 및 폴리 (lactide- 공동 -glycolide) 대표적인 예로서 기반 물질의 합성을 설명합니다. 각 공중 합체 도펀트 폴리 (CO caprolactone- 글리세롤 모노 스테아 레이트) 및 폴리 (CO lactide- 글리세롤 모노 스테아 레이트)가 제 폴리 카프로 락톤 및 폴리 (lactide- 공동 -glycolide)와 혼합 한 다음, 합성, 각각, 마지막으로 전기 방사 또는 electrosprayed. 얻어진 물질은 SEM 이미징과 접촉각 각 측정법을 특징으로하고, 시험 관내 및 생체 내에서 생체 적합성 시험된다. 마지막으로, 입체 초 소수성 메쉬를 통해 대량 습윤는 조영 증강 microcomputed 단층 촬영을 이용하여 조사한다.

Protocol

1. 합성 Functionalizable 폴리 (1,3- 글리세롤 carbonate- CO 카프로 락톤) (29) 및 폴리 (1,3- 디 글리세롤 carbonate- 공동 -lactide) 27,28. 모노머 합성. 500 ml의 건조 테트라 히드로 푸란 (THF)에서 (50g, 0.28 몰, 1 당량.) 시스 -2- 페닐 -1,3- 디 옥산 -5- 올을 용해시키고, 질소하에 얼음에서 교반 하였다. 미세 박격포와 유 봉 분쇄 수산화 칼륨 (33.5 g, 0.84 몰, 3 당량.) 추가….

Representative Results

화학 일련의 변환을 통해, 기능적 카보네이트 단량체 5- 벤질 -1,3- 디 옥산 -2- 온을 백색 결정질 고체 (도 1a)로 합성된다. 1 H NMR은 구조 (도 1b) 및 질량 분석을 확인하고 원소 분석 구성을 확인합니다. 이 고형물은 D, L의 -lactide 또는 140 ° C에서 주석 촉매 개환 반응을 사용 ε 카프로 락톤 하나와 공중합된다. 침전에 의해 정제 한 후, 중합체 조성물 4.58에서 4.68 …

Discussion

생물 의학 폴리머에서 초 소수성 물질을 구성에 대한 우리의 접근 방식은 전기 방사 및 electrospraying의 고분자 처리 기술과 합성 고분자 화학을 결합합니다. 이들 기술은 각각 하나의 섬유 또는 입자를 제공한다. 특히, 폴리 카프로 락톤 및 폴리 (lactide- 공동 -glycolide) 기반의 초 소수성 물질은이 전략을 사용하여 제조된다. 소수성 공중 합체 조성물을 변화시킴으로써, 최종 중합체 블렌드 퍼?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Funding was provided in part by BU and the NIH R01CA149561. The authors wish to thank the electrospinning/electrospraying team including Stefan Yohe, Eric Falde, Joseph Hersey, and Julia Wang for their helpful discussions and contributions to the preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic biomaterials.

Materials

Silicone oil Sigma-Aldrich 85409
Cis-2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol Sigma-Aldrich 13468
Benzyl bromide Sigma-Aldrich B17905 Toxic, lacrymator/eye irritant, use in chemical fume hood
Potassium hydroxide Sigma-Aldrich 221473 Corrosive
Rotary evaporator Buchi R-124
High-vacuum pump Welch 8907
Nitrogen, ultra high purity Airgas NI UHP300 Compressed gas
Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with BHT Pharmaco-Aaper 346000 Flammable. Dried through column of XXX
Dichloromethane Pharmaco-Aaper 313000 Flammable, toxic.
Separatory funnel (1 L) Fisher Scientific 13-678-606
Sodium sulfate Sigma-Aldrich 239313
Ethanol, absolute Pharmaco-Aaper 111USP200 Flammable, toxic.
Buchner funnel Fisher Scientific FB-966-F
Methanol Pharmaco-Aaper 339000ACS Flammable, toxic.
Hydrochloric acid Sigma-Aldrich 320331 Corrosive. Diluted to 2N in distilled water.
Ethyl chloroformate, 97% Sigma-Aldrich 185892 Toxic, flammable, harmful to environment
Triethylamine (anhydrous) Sigma-Aldrich 471283 Toxic, flammable, harmful to environment
Diethyl ether Pharmaco-Aaper 373ANHACS Highly flammable. Purified through XXX column.
3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (D,L-lactide) Sigma-Aldrich 303143
Tin (II) ethylhexanoate Sigma-Aldrich S3252 Toxic.
ε-caprolactone (97%) Sigma-Aldrich 704067
Toluene, anhydrous Sigma-Aldrich 244511 Flammable, toxic.
Glass syringe Hamilton Company 1700-series
Deuterated chloroform Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories, Inc. DLM-29-10 Toxic
Nuclear magnetic resonance instrument Varian V400
Palladium on carbon catalyst Strem Chemicals, Inc. 46-1707
Hydrogenator unit Parr 3911
Hydrogenator shaker vessel Parr 66CA
Hydrogen Airgas HY HP300 Highly flammable.
Diatomaceous earth Sigma-Aldrich 22140
2H,2H,3H,3H-perflurononanoic acid Oakwood Products, Inc. 10519 Toxic.
Stearic acid Sigma-Aldrich S4751
N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide Sigma-Aldrich D80002 Toxic, irritant.
4-(dimethylamino) pyridine Sigma-Aldrich 107700 Toxic.
Hexanes Pharmaco-Aaper 359000ACS Toxic, flammable.
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system Rainin
GPC column Waters WAT044228
Differential scanning calorimeter TA Instruments Q100
Chloroform Pharmaco-Aaper 309000ACS Toxic.
N,N-dimethylformamide Sigma-Aldrich 227056 Toxic, flammable.
Polycaprolactone, MW 70-90 kg/mol Sigma-Aldrich 440744
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), MW 136 kg/mol Evonik Industries LP-712
10-mL glass syringe Hamilton Company 81620
18 AWG blunt needle BRICO Medical Supplies BN1815
Electrospinner enclosure box Custom-built N/A Made of acrylic panels
High voltage DC supply Glassman High Voltage, Inc. PS/EL30R01.5 High voltages, electrocution hazard
Linear (translating) stage Servo Systems Co. LPS-12-20-0.2 Optional
Programmable motor & power supply Intelligent Motion Systems, Inc. MDrive23 Plus Optional
24V DC motor & power supply McMaster-Carr 6331K32 Optional
Aluminum collector drum Custom-built Optional
Syringe pump Fisher Scientific 78-0100I
Inverted optical microscope Olympus IX70
Scanning electron microscope Carl Zeiss Supra V55
Conductive copper tape 3M 16072
Aluminum SEM stubs Electron Microscopy Sciences 75200
Contact angle goniometer Kruss DSA100
Propylene glycol Sigma-Aldrich W294004 Toxic.
Ethylene glycol Sigma-Aldrich 324558 Toxic.
Ioxaglate Guerbet
Fetal bovine serum American Type Culture Collection 30-2020
Micro-computed tomography instrument Scanco
Image analysis software (Analyze) Mayo Clinic
Tensile tester Instron 5848
Micrometer Multitoyo 293-340
Calipers Fisher Scientific 14-648-17
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Keywords: SuperhydrophobicPolymeric MaterialsBiomedical ApplicationsElectrospinningElectrosprayingPolycaprolactonePoly(lactide-co-glycolide)Stearate-modified Poly(glycerol Carbonate)Surface RoughnessPorosityWettabilityPolymer ChemistryProcess EngineeringScalable Techniques
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Kaplan, J., Grinstaff, M. Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications. J. Vis. Exp. (102), e53117, doi:10.3791/53117 (2015).
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