Aksonal Dejenerasyon ve Beyaz Cevher Nörobiyoloji Çalışması Çok Yönlü Fare Modeli subkortikal beyaz madde İnme
Summary
Here we present methodology for the production of a focal stroke in murine white matter by local injection of an irreversible endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-Nio). Presented are two stereotactic variations, retrograde neuronal tracing, and fresh tissue labeling and dissection that expand the potential applications of this technique.
Abstract
İnme klinik inme sunumlar% 25'e kadar beyaz madde hesaplarını etkileyen, 5-10 kat daha büyük olabilir fiyatla sessizce gerçekleşir ve vasküler demans gelişmesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunur. fokal beyaz cevher inme birkaç model var ve uygun modellerin bu eksikliği inme bu tip sonra yaralanma tepki ve onarımında yer alan nörobiyolojik mekanizmaları anlaşılmasını engelliyordu. diğer subkortikal inme modellerinin ana sınırlama fokal beyaz cevher infarkt kısıtlamak değil ya da öncelikle olmayan fare türlerinde valide edilmiş olmasıdır. Bu beyaz cevher inme nörobiyolojisini incelemek için fare araştırma araçları çok çeşitli uygulama becerisi sınırlar. Burada geri dönüşü olmayan bir eNOS inhibitörü bir lokal enjeksiyonu kullanılarak fare beyaz cevherde fokal inme güvenilir üretimi için bir metodoloji sunuyoruz. Biz de iki benzersiz stereotaktik dahil olmak üzere genel protokol üzerinde çeşitli varyasyonlar mevcutvaryasyonlar, büyük ölçüde bu tekniğin potansiyel uygulamalarını genişletmek retrograd nöronal izleme yanı sıra taze doku etiketleme ve diseksiyonu. Birden fazla yaklaşımlar inme bu ortak ve ilgili yeterli formun nörobiyolojik etkilerini analiz etmek için bu varyasyonlar izin verir.
Introduction
Stroke affecting the subcortical white matter is a common clinical entity, accounting for up to 25% of clinical strokes annually in the US 1. Ischemic damage to white matter also occurs silently at a significantly higher rate and contributes to the development of vascular dementia 2,3. Presently, patients with this form of cerebral ischemia have few, if any treatment choices. Despite the clinical importance of this disease, few clinically relevant animal models exist 4,5.
The goal of this protocol is to produce a focal ischemic lesion within the murine white matter. This murine model of human disease allows the specific study of axonal injury response to stroke and how the cellular elements of white matter, namely oligodendrocytes and astrocytes along with axons, respond to and repair after stroke.
Previous reports have described a model of subcortical white matter stroke using endothelin-1 (ET-1) 6 that is similar to the one described here. Several key changes to the experimental protocol have been made thereby the potential uses of this model have expanded 7,8. This protocol provides a reliable and modifiable strategy to produce a focal stroke within mouse brain white matter.
The major advantages of this model are the use of a chemical endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor N(5)-(1)-iminoethyl-L-ornithine HCl (L-Nio) 9 with no known paracrine effects on cellular elements of white matter which had been a complication of models using endothelin-1 10. In addition, the stereotactic targeting of white matter in the mouse allows the use of any variety of transgenic or knockout strains, greatly expanding the available tools to determine the effect of stroke on brain white matter. Here, two variations on this technique are described and demonstrate some of the additional variations that can be utilized to enhance the understanding of axonal and white matter damage and repair after stroke.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Subkortikal inme örneksiz bir dizi sıçan 12-14 ve fare 6,15 iç kapsüle endotelin-1 fokal enjeksiyonlar subkortikal beyaz madde ve striatum içeren tarif edilmiştir. Küçük odak vuruşları daha yeni modeller kolesterol mikroemboli karotis arter 16 enjeksiyon ve tek delici arteriole 17 Fototrombotik tıkanıklığı kullanmışlardır. Bu modellerin her biri avantaj ve dezavantajları 5 hem de sahiptir. Şu anda açıklanan model aksonal anormallikler ve zara…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
SN ve MDD NIH K08 NS083740 ve Nöroloji UCLA Bölümü'nden destek aldı. AJG Dr. Miriam ve Sheldon G. Adelson Tıbbi Araştırma Vakfı ve Larry L. Hillblom Vakfı tarafından destek onaylar. KLN minnetle Amerikan Kalp Derneği 14BFSC17760005 ASA-Bugher İnme Merkezi'nden destek kabul eder. ILL, EGS ve STC NIH R01 NS071481 tarafından desteklendi. JDH NIH K08 NS083740 destek kabul eder.
Materials
| L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithine, Dihydrochloride | Calbiochem | 400600-20MG | |
| Isoflurane | Phoenix Pharmaceutical, Inc. | NDC 57319-559-06 | |
| Capillary tubes | World Precision Instruments | 50-821-807 | |
| Picospritzer | Parker Instrumentation | Picospritzer II | |
| Stereotactic setup | Kent Scientific | KSC51725 | |
| Pipette puller | KOPF | Model 720 | |
| Stereomicroscope SZ51 | Olympus | 88-124 | |
| Fine scissors | Fine Scientific Tools | 14084-08 | |
| Forceps | Harvard Apparatus | PY2 72-8547 | |
| Curved Forceps | Harvard Apparatus | PY2 72-8598 | |
| Blunt dissection tool | Fine Scientific Tools | 10066-15 | |
| Drill | Dremel | 8220-1/28 | |
| Drill bits | Fine Scientific Tools | 19007-05 | |
| Vetbond | 3M | 1469SB | |
| Marcaine | HOSPIRA | NDC 0409-1610-50 | |
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethaxole | STI Pharmacy | NDC 54879-007-16 | |
| Fluororuby | Fluorochrome Inc | 30mg | |
| Paraformaldehyde | Fisher | O4042-500 | |
| Sucrose | Fisher | BP220-10 | |
| Cryostat | Leica CM3050 S | 14047033518 | |
| Glass slides | Fisher | 12-544-7 | |
| Fast Green | Sigma | F7252-5G | |
| Dissection microscope | Nikon | SMZ1500 | |
| 23 gauge butterfly needle | Fisher | 14-840-35 | |
| 10X Hank's Balanced Salt Solution | Life Technologies | 14065056 | |
| 1M HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4 | Affymetrix | 16924 | |
| D-Glucose | Sigma | G8270 | |
| Sodium bicarbonate | Sigma | S5761 | |
| Cyclohexamide | Sigma | 01810 |
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