Summary

一种新的方法,以评估在帕金森病大鼠脑深部电刺激效应的运动结果:楼梯和缸测试

Published: May 31, 2016
doi:

Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment option for Parkinson’s disease. We established a study design to screen novel stimulation paradigms in rats. The protocol describes the use of the staircase test and cylinder test for motor outcome assessment in DBS treated hemiparkinsonian rats.

Abstract

底丘脑核的脑深部刺激为帕金森氏病的有效治疗选择。在我们的实验室,我们建立了一个协议,帕金森病(单侧损毁)大鼠筛选不同的神经刺激的模式。它包括通过在电缆结合外部神经刺激的24小时周期结束时注入6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)入右内侧前脑束,植入慢性刺激电极插入底丘脑核和评估马达结果创建单方面帕金森病变。刺激用恒定电流刺激进行。的振幅低于副作用个体阈值为20%。马达结果评估是由气缸测试自发爪子使用的评估根据Shallert和熟练达到在根据蒙托亚楼梯测试评估完成。该协议中详细描述了楼梯框中训练中,Cylinder测试,以及在帕金森病大鼠同时使用的。使用两个测试是必要的,因为在楼梯测试似乎是精细运动技能障碍更敏感并且显示出更高的敏感性神经刺激期间改变。单方面帕金森模型和两个行为测试的组合允许不同的刺激参数的以标准化方式的评估。

Introduction

底丘脑核(STN)的脑深部刺激为帕金森氏病1和其他运动障碍的有效治疗选择。基本的机制仍然知之甚少和多因素的,但是一个重要特点是神经元网络活动通过在刺激电极2-4的附近轴突重复去极化调制。高频(> 100赫兹)刺激,需要在大多数脑目标和DBS的最适应症的有益效果。从其他纤维,其通过刺激体积覆盖并且其中无意共激活深部脑刺激导致的副作用对…有用不同的功能,例如锥体束。因此,人们希望开发刺激参数,其中优先激活有益神经元素,同时避免副作用元件5,6的共激活。虽然神经生理学可以提供这种精细呕吐DBS的NG选项,科学发展在过去二十年中已经微乎其微,因为编程策略主要是被用在患者的“试错”评估和限用市售DBS设备有限编程选项,而不是使用神经生理学的洞察力并确定实验设置,系统地探索完整的参数空间。

为了克服DBS研究平移路障,我们提出了一个协议,在筛查临床探索之前帕金森的啮齿动物模型替代刺激参数。单方面帕金森氏大鼠疾病用6-羟多巴胺注射仿照到右内侧前脑束7,8。由此产生的病变,进一步描述为帕金森病,低剂量注射阿朴吗啡旋转后成绩评价阿朴吗啡试验进行评估和确认验尸由酪氨酸羟化酶immunohistochemistry。该方法是容易应用和高重现性的,而轴承的低死亡率和发病率。由此产生的运动障碍是非常离散7,8;这些动物都在自发的探索和把握复杂的行为表现出9,10对侧左爪子轻微受损。

评估的脑深部刺激协议测试需要其允许测量电机性能的快速和可靠的变化和可重复随着时间的推移与不同神经刺激的设置的有效性。一些研究小组已经提出了不同的激励方法和不同的测试,以评估在大鼠11高度可变和不一致的结果11-14的运动功能。这迫使我们选择了一套具有高测试预测效度和互补性。此外,对于脑深部刺激条件下,电机结果的评估,测试被看好这可以通过ANI进行MALS通过电缆连接到所述刺激发生器。为了这些目的,我们建立了我们的测试电池由一个测试用爪子不对称和对技术达到一个测试的。研究设计在图1中示出。

自发爪子使用我们执行通过Shallert 15,其是垂直勘探期间爪子使用广泛使用的测试中描述的气缸试验。动物没有训练是必需的。对于更复杂的抓行为的评估,我们根据蒙托亚16建立的楼梯测试。我们的协议是根据Kloth 17修改。将大鼠训练中从测试盒到达粒料一段十二天。训练期间后的试验可以应用于通过计数描述为食用粒料数目的成功率来测量复杂把持行为。本文介绍了在楼梯框中细致的培训,以及两者的性能BEH在天真,帕金森病和脑深部刺激条件avioral测试。

Protocol

动物实验是由维尔茨堡大学和下弗兰肯行政区的法律国家机关按照动物保护准则和欧洲共同体委员会的指导方针(:55.2-2531.01十一分之七十六批准文号)批准。所有作出了努力,尽量减少使用动物的疼痛或不适。 注:18别处描述进行植入电极。 1.气缸试验(图2) 通过用0.1%的醋酸溶液清洗筒准备一个透明的塑料玻璃圆筒(19厘米的高度:…

Representative Results

所有动物都进行了多巴胺病变和电极位置的验尸组织学检验。只用在STN内正确的电极放置( 图6)和完整多巴胺病变(>在黑质多巴胺能神经元的90%的损失)动物被纳入结果部分( 图7)。 损伤的条件下进行的圆柱体试验表明,损伤左爪子使用从约50%(天真的,健康的老鼠)减少到15.11%(平均)?…

Discussion

本文介绍了气缸和楼梯测试详细的培训方案。后者的目的是评估复杂抓行为和精细运动运动由于大鼠16,17熟练深远。结果测量被表示为试验,这是一种客观测量期间吃掉粒料数目。该协议可以在大鼠模型被用于帕金森病和其它运动疾病模型。气缸测试涉及一个简单的方法来评估大鼠爪子的使用。它无需培训,并且可以在一个高度标准化的方式从录像带被使用,由盲评价。我们选择有几个原…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF), University Clinics Würzburg, Germany (project N-215).

Materials

Staircase box witout lid Glas Keil, Germany custom made
Cylinder box Glas Keil, Germany custom made
Dustless precision pellets, 45 mg Bio Serv F0021

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Cite This Article
Rattka, M., Fluri, F., Krstić, M., Asan, E., Volkmann, J. A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test. J. Vis. Exp. (111), e53951, doi:10.3791/53951 (2016).

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