观察和交配行为的量化在我国松材线虫，<em>松材线虫</em
Summary
A protocol for investigating the mating behavior of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is presented. Behavioral features of B. xylophilus are described in the mating process.
Abstract
用于观察和量化的松材线虫， 松材线虫的交配行为的方法，是立体显微镜下成立的。以提高松材线虫的配合效率和增加的交配观测的几率，处女成年人中培养并用于调查。卵通过保持线虫在水中，并允许雌性产卵10分钟获得的。第二级幼体（J2）通过在黑暗中在25℃温育卵24小时同步，和J4早期通过培养用灰霉病， 灰霉病在J2，另一个52 h条件。在这个时间点，最J4线虫可以作为是男性或女性使用其生殖器形态明确区分。男性和女性的J4收集并在两个不同的培养皿中24小时分别培养以获得处女成人线虫。一个处女男和处女女在笏一滴配对器中的凹滑动的孔中。交配行为与立体显微镜下录像机拍摄。配合过程的整个时间为82.8±3.91分钟（平均值±SE）和可分为4个不同的阶段：搜索，接触，交尾，和挥之不去。持续时间的平均分者21.8±2.0，28.0±1.9，25.8±0.7和7.2±0.5，分别为。 11个子行为进行了描述：巡航，接近，遭遇，触摸，胡平，定位，安装，射精，分离，平静，和漫游。有趣的是，当一个女性与男性3个或一个男性，女性3分组观察到明显的内部性的竞争。这个协议是有用的，有价值的，不仅在调查松材线虫的交配行为，而且在充当其他线虫行为学研究的参考。
Introduction
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, is one of the most destructive invasive species, causing the wilting and eventual death of pine trees. This pathogenic nematode is believed to be native to the USA, but it was transported to several countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Portugal. Recently, it has also been reported in Spain, killing millions of pine trees at huge economic losses and threatening forest production and ecological stability1-5.
Once a host pine tree is infected by pinewood nematodes, thousands of millions of offspring are propagated rapidly within the trunk. This causes xylem dysfunction, resulting in wilting and eventually in the death of the host tree6. However, there is currently no efficient way to control this disease. Mating behavior might play an important role in the high fecundity of this nematode7. We therefore investigated the mating behavior of B. xylophilus in the laboratory, trying to find an effective way of disturbing its mating and decreasing its fecundity.
This protocol is intended to introduce the detailed methods of how to obtain the virgin adults of B. xylophilus and how to observe and analyze the mating behavior using a video recorder and a stereomicroscope. This protocol can also be used as a reference for behavioral studies of other nematodes.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
行为测试是化学生态学，神经生物学，分子生物学和遗传学的一个基本方面。线虫，特别是线虫 ，被广泛地用于这些领域的研究。 线虫的交配行为之前已10-11调查。但是， 松材线虫是雌雄异体，并从雌雄同体线虫不同，它的交配过程有不同的行为特征9。近日， 松材线虫okinawaensis， 松材线虫的雌雄同体的妹妹种的交配行为报12。…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
娜姐朱佰利群同等贡献这项工作。这项工作在财政的公益专项基金林业科学研究（201204501）和中国国家自然科学基金（31170604，31270688，31570638和）的支持。我们感谢Holighaus格里特博士和Danielle Hickford博士对英语写作的有益建议。
Materials
| B. xylophilus isolate Nxy61 | Extracted from Pinus massoniana in Ningbo area of China | ||
| Grey mold strain | Obtained from Forestry Academy of China | ||
| Baermann funnels | Sengong | ||
| falcon tubes | Sengong | ||
| centrifuge | Sengong | ||
| pipette | Sengong | ||
| sterile dd H2O | Sterilized by high pressure of steam at 121°C for 30 min. | ||
| Petri dishes | Sengong | ||
| PDA medium | Huankai Bio. | 021050 | |
| incubator | Sengong | ||
| Laminar flow | Sengong | ||
| glass capillary | Sengong | ||
| Stereoscope | Leica | LED5000 RL | |
| inverted stereo microscope | Zeiss | A1 | |
| concave slides | Sengong |
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