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Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
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Acknowledgements
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자동 번역
화학

FACILE syntese af kolloid bly Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via ligand-assisteret Renedbør

Published: October 01, 2019
doi:
10.3791/60114
,
1Department of Chemical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Summary

Dette arbejde demonstrerer facile rum-temperatur syntese af kolloid Quantum-begrænset bly halide perovskite nanoplatelets ved ligand-assisteret renedbør metode. Syntetiserede nanoplatelets viser spektralt smalle optiske funktioner og kontinuerlig spektral tunbarhed i hele det synlige område ved at variere sammensætningen og tykkelserne.

Abstract

I dette arbejde viser vi en facile metode til kolloid bly halide perovskite nanoplatelet syntese (kemisk formel: L2[ABX3]n-1BX4, l: butylammonium og octylammonium, a: methylammonium eller formamidinium, B: bly, X: bromid og Iodid, n: antal [BX6]4- oktaedriske lag i retning af nanoplatelet tykkelse) via ligand-assisteret renedbør. Individuelle perovskite forløber opløsninger fremstilles ved at opløse hver nanoplatelet konstituerende salt i N, N-dimethylformamid (DMF), som er et polært organisk opløsningsmiddel, og derefter blande i specifikke nøgletal for målrettet nanoplatelet tykkelse og sammensætning. Når den blandede prækursor opløsning er faldet i ikke polære toluen, inducerer den pludselige ændring i opløselighed den øjeblikkelige krystallisering af nanoplatelets med overflade bundne alkylammoniumhalogenid-ligander, der giver kolloid stabilitet. Photoluminescens og absorption Spectra afslører lysafgivende og stærkt Quantum-begrænset funktioner. Røntgen diffraktion og transmission elektronmikroskopi bekræfter de to-dimensionelle struktur af nanoplatelets. Desuden viser vi, at bandet Gap af perovskite nanoplatelets kan løbende justeres i det synlige område ved at variere støkiometri af halide ion (s). Endelig viser vi fleksibiliteten i den ligand-assisterede renedbør metode ved at introducere flere arter som overflade-capping ligands. Denne metode er en simpel procedure til tilberedning af dispersioner af lysafgivende 2D-kolloid-halvledere.

Introduction

I det seneste årti, fabrikation af bly halide perovskites solceller1,2,3,4,5,6 har effektivt fremhævet de fremragende egenskaber af denne halvledermateriale, herunder lang bærediffusions længder7,8,9,10, kompositoriske tunbarhed4,5,11 og lavpris syntese12. Især den unikke karakter af defekt tolerance13,14 gør bly halide perovskites fundamentalt forskellige fra andre halvledere og dermed meget lovende for næste generation optoelektroniske applikationer.

Ud over solceller har bly halide perovskiter vist sig at gøre fremragende optoelektroniske anordninger såsom lysemitterende dioder6,15,16,17,18, 19,20,21,22, lasere23,24,25og foto detektorer26,27, 28. Især når de er tilberedt i form af kolloid nanokrystaller18,29,30,31,32,33,34, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43, bly halide perovskites kan udvise stærk kvante-og dielektrisk-indeslutning, stor exciton binding energi44,45, og lyse luminescens17,19 sammen med facile løsning forarbejdning. Forskellige rapporterede geometrier, herunder quantum dots29,30,31,32, nanoroder33,34 og nanoplatelets18, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,43 yderligere demonstrere form tunbarhed af bly halide perovskite nanokrystaller.

Blandt disse nanokrystaller, kolloid to-dimensionelle (2D) bly halide perovskites, eller “perovskite nanoplatelets”, er særligt lovende for lysemitterende applikationer på grund af stærk indeslutning af ladning bærere, stor exciton bindende energi nå op til hundredvis af meV44, og spektralt smal emission fra tykkelse-Pure ensembler af nanoplatelets39. Desuden, Anisotropisk emission rapporteret for 2D perovskite nanokrystaller46 og andre 2D halvledere47,48 fremhæver potentialet for at maksimere udkoblings effektivitet fra perovskite nanoplatelet-baserede lysemitterende enheder.

Her demonstrerer vi en protokol for den enkle, universelle, rumtemperatur syntese af kolloid bly halide perovskite nanoplatelets via en ligand-assisteret reudfældnings teknik36,38,49. Perovskite nanoplatelets med Iodid og/eller bromid Halogenid anioner, methylammonium eller formamidinium organiske kationer og variable organiske overflade ligander påvises. Procedurer for kontrol af absorption og emission energi og tykkelsen renhed af kolloid dispersion diskuteres.

Protocol

Bemærk: enklere notationer af ‘n = 1 BX ‘ og ‘n = 2 ABX ‘ vil blive brugt herfra i stedet for den komplekse kemiske formel i henholdsvis l2BX4 og l2[ABX3] BX4. For bedre stabilitet og optiske egenskaber af resulterende perovskite nanoplatelets, anbefales det at fuldføre hele proceduren under inaktive betingelser49 (dvs. en nitrogen glovebox). 1. fremstilling af perovskite nanoplatelet forløber opl…

Representative Results

Skematisk illustration af perovskite nanoplatelets og syntese procedure giver et overblik over de materielle og syntetiske detaljer (figur 1). Billeder af kolloid perovskite nanoplatelet opløsninger under omgivende lys og UV (figur 2), kombineret med fotoluminescens og absorption Spectra (figur 3) bekræfter yderligere den lysafgivende og absorptions karakter af nanoplatelets. TEM-billeder (figur 4) og…

Discussion

Produktet af denne syntese er kolloid bly halide nanoplatelets udjævnet af alkylammoniumhalogenid overflade ligander (figur 1a). Figur 1b demonstrerer den syntetiske procedure af kolloid perovskite nanoplatelets via ligand-assisteret renedbør. For at opsummere, konstituerende forløber salte blev opløst i en Polar solvent DMF i specifikke nøgletal for ønsket tykkelse og sammensætning, og derefter injiceres i toluen, som er nonpolar. På grund af den pludse…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbejde blev støttet af det amerikanske energiministerium, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) underpris nummer DE-SC0019345. Seung Kyun ha blev delvist støttet af Kwanjeong Education Foundation Overseas doktor program Scholarship. Dette arbejde gjorde brug af MRSEC fælles eksperimentelle faciliteter på MIT, støttet af National Science Foundation under Award nummer DMR-08-19762. Vi takker Eric Powers for hjælp med korrektur og redigering.

Materials

Equipment
365nm fiber-coupled LED Thorlabs M365FP1 Excitation source (Photoluminescence)
Avantes fiber-optic spectrometer Avantes AvaSpec-2048XL Photoluminescence detector (Photoluminescence spectra)
Cary 5000 Agilent Technologies UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Absorption spectra)
FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit Twin TEM FEI Company Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) operating at 120kV
PANalytical X'Pert Pro MPD Malvern Panalytical X-ray diffraction (XRD) operating at 45 kV and 40 mA with a copper radiation source.
Materials
n-butylammonium bromide (BABr) GreatCell Solar MS305000-50G
n-butylammonium chloride (BACl) Fisher Scientific B071025G butylamine hydrochloride
n-butylammonium iodide (BAI) Sigma-Aldrich 805874-25G
N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF) Sigma-Aldrich 227056-1L Anhydrous, 99.8%
n-dodecylammonium bromide (DDABr) GreatCell Solar MS300880-05
formamidinium bromide (FABr) GreatCell Solar MS350000-100G
formamidinium iodide (FAI) GreatCell Solar MS150000-100G
n-hexylammonium bromide (HABr) GreatCell Solar MS300860-05
lead bromide (PbBr2) Sigma-Aldrich 398853-5G .99.999%
lead chloride (PbCl2) Sigma-Aldrich 268-690-5G 98%
lead iodide (PbI2) solution Sigma-Aldrich 795550-10ML 0.55M in DMF
methylammonium bromide (MABr) GreatCell Solar MS301000-100G
methylammonium iodide (MAI) GreatCell Solar MS101000-100G
n-octylammonium bromide (OABr) GreatCell Solar MS305500-50G
n-octylammonium chloride (OACl) Fisher Scientific O04841G octylamine hydrochloride
n-octylammonium iodide (OAI) GreatCell Solar MS105500-50G
iso-pentylammonium bromide (i-PABr) GreatCell Solar MS300710-05
toluene Sigma-Aldrich 244511-1L Anhydrous, 99.8%
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Tags

Keywords: Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite NanoplateletsLigand-assisted ReprecipitationRoom Temperature SynthesisCompositional FlexibilityMethylammonium Lead BromideMethylammonium Lead IodideMixed Halide CompositionsPhotoluminescenceAbsorption SpectraTransmission Electron MicroscopyX-ray Diffraction
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Ha, S. K., Tisdale, W. A. Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation. J. Vis. Exp. (152), e60114, doi:10.3791/60114 (2019).
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