JoVE Journal > Neuroscience
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
자동 번역
신경과학

Inter-Brain Synchrony i Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: En fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published: July 21, 2021
doi:
10.3791/62777
, ,
1School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University, 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Crisis Intervention,East China Normal University

Summary

Protokollen for udførelse af fNIRS hyperscanning eksperimenter på kollaborative læring dyads i et naturalistisk læringsmiljø er skitseret. Desuden præsenteres en rørledning til analyse af Inter-Brain Synchrony (IBS) af iltede hæmoglobin (Oxy-Hb) signaler.

Abstract

fNIRS hyperscanning er meget udbredt til at opdage de neurobiologiske fundamenter af social interaktion. Med denne teknik kvalificerer forskere den samtidige hjerneaktivitet hos to eller flere interaktive personer med et nyt indeks kaldet inter-brain synkron (IBS) (dvs. fase og / eller amplitudjustering af de neuronale eller hæmodynamiske signaler over tid). En protokol til udførelse af fNIRS hyperscanning eksperimenter på kollaborative læring dyads i et naturalistisk læringsmiljø præsenteres her. Endvidere forklares en rørledning til analyse af IBS af iltet hæmoglobin (Oxy-Hb) signal. Specifikt diskuteres det eksperimentelle design, processen med NIRS-dataregistrering, dataanalysemetoder og fremtidige retninger. Samlet set er implementering af en standardiseret fNIRS hyperscanning pipeline en grundlæggende del af andenpersons neurovidenskab. Dette er også i overensstemmelse med opfordringen til åben videnskab for at støtte forskningens reproducerbarhed.

Introduction

For nylig, at afsløre den samtidige hjerneaktivitet på tværs af de interaktive dyads eller medlemmer af en gruppe, forskere anvender hyperscanning tilgang1,2. Specifikt anvendes elektroencefalogram (EEG), funktionel magnetisk resonansbilleddannelse (fMRI) og funktionel nær-infrarød spektroskopi (fNIRS) til at registrere neurale og hjerneaktiviteter fra to eller flere forsøgspersoner samtidigt3,4,5. Forskere udtrække en neural indeks indebærer samtidig hjerne kobling baseret på denne teknik, som refererer til inter-brain synkron (IBS) (dvs. fase og / eller amplitud tilpasning af neuronal eller hæmodynamiske signaler over tid). Et stort udvalg af hyperscanning forskning fundet IBS under social interaktion mellem flere personer (f.eks spiller-publikum, instruktør-elev, og leder-follower)6,7,8. Desuden har IBS specifikke konsekvenser af effektiv læring og instruktion9,10,11,12,13,14. Med bølgende hyperscanning forskning i naturalistiske læring scenarier, oprettelse af en standard protokol af hyperscanning eksperimenter og pipeline af dataanalyse på dette område er nødvendig.

Således giver dette papir en protokol til udførelse af fNIRS-baseret hyperscanning af kollaborative læringsdyader og en pipeline til analyse af IBS. fNIRS er et optisk billeddannelsesværktøj, som udstråler nær-infrarødt lys til at vurdere den spektrale absorption af hæmoglobin indirekte, og derefter måles hæmodynamisk / iltning aktivitet15,16,17. Sammenlignet med fMRI er fNIRS mindre tilbøjelig til at bevægelsesartefakter, hvilket giver målinger fra forsøg fra det virkelige liv (f.eks. efterligning, tale og ikke-verbal kommunikation)18,7,19. I sammenligning med EEG har fNIRS en højere rumlig opløsning, hvilket gør det muligt for forskere at registrere placeringen af hjerneaktivitet20. Således kvalificerer disse fordele i rumlig opløsning, logistik og gennemførlighed fNIRS til at udføre hyperscanning måling1. Ved hjælp af denne teknologi registrerer en ny forskningskrop et indeksudtryk som IBS-den neurale tilpasning af to (eller flere) menneskers hjerneaktivitet i forskellige former for naturalistiske sociale indstillinger9,10,11,12,13,14. I disse undersøgelser anvendes forskellige metoder (dvs. korrelationsanalyse og WTC-analyse (Wavelet Transform Coherence) til at beregne dette indeks. I mellemtiden er en standardpipeline til en sådan analyse afgørende, men mangler. Som følge heraf præsenteres en protokol til udførelse af fNIRS-baseret hyperscanning og en pipeline, der bruger WTC-analyse til at identificere IBS, i dette arbejde

Denne undersøgelse har til formål at evaluere IBS i kollaborative læring dyads ved hjælp af fNIRS hyperscanning teknik. For det første registreres en hæmodynamisk respons samtidigt i hver dyads præfrontale og venstre temporoparietale regioner under en kollaborativ læringsopgave. Disse områder er blevet identificeret som forbundet med interaktiv undervisning og læring9,10,11,12,13,14. For det andet beregnes IBS på hver tilsvarende kanal. FNIRS-dataregistreringsprocessen består af to dele: hviletilstandssession og samarbejdssession. Hviletilstandssessionen varer i 5 minutter, hvor begge deltagere (siddende ansigt til ansigt, bortset fra hinanden ved et bord (0,8 m)) skal forblive stille og slappe af. Denne hviletilstandssession fungerer som udgangspunkt. Derefter bliver deltagerne i den kollaborative session bedt om at studere hele undervisningsmaterialerne sammen, fremkalde forståelse, opsummere reglerne og sørge for, at alle læringsmaterialer mestres. Her præsenteres de specifikke trin til at udføre eksperimentet og fNIRS-dataanalysen.

Protocol

Alle rekrutterede deltagere (40 dyads, gennemsnitsalder 22,1 ± 1,2 år; 100% højrehåndet, normal eller korrigeret til normal vision) var sunde. Før eksperimentet gav deltagerne informeret samtykke. Deltagerne blev økonomisk kompenseret for deres deltagelse. Undersøgelsen blev godkendt af University Committee of Human Research Protection (HR-0053-2021), East China Normal University. 1. Forberedelsestrin, før der vedtages data Hjemmelavede NIRS-hætter Vedtage elastisk …

Representative Results

Figur 1 illustrerer den eksperimentelle protokol og sonde placering. FNIRS-dataregistreringsprocessen består af to dele: hviletilstandssession (5 min) og samarbejdssession (15-20 min). De kollaborative læringsdyader er nødvendige for at slappe af og holde sig i ro i hviletilstandssessionen. Derefter bliver deltagerne bedt om at være med til at lære læringsmaterialet (figur 1A). Deres præfrontale og venstre temporoparietale regioner er omfattet af det tils…

Discussion

For det første, i den nuværende protokol, de specifikke trin til at gennemføre fNIRS hyperscanning eksperimenter i et samarbejde læring scenario er angivet. For det andet præsenteres også dataanalysepipelinen, der vurderer IBS af hæmodynamiske signaler i kollaborative læringsdyader. Den detaljerede operation om gennemførelse af fNIRS hyperscanning eksperimenter ville fremme udviklingen af åben videnskab. Desuden er analysen pipeline leveres her for at øge reproducerbarheden af hyperscanning forskning. I det f?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbejde er støttet af ECNU Academic Innovation Promotion Program for Excellent Ph.d.-studerende (YBNLTS2019-025) og National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872783 og 71942001).

Materials

EEG caps Compumedics Neuroscan,Charlotte,USA 64-channel Quik-Cap We choose two sizes of cap(i.e.medium and large).
NIRS measurement system with probe sets and probe holder grids Hitachi Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan ETG-7100 Optical Topography System The current study protocol requires an optional second adult probe set for 92 channels of measurement in total.
Numeric computing platform The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA MATLAB R2020a Serves as base for Psychophysics Toolbox extensions (stimulus presentation), Homer2  (fNIRS preprocess analysis), and "wtc" function(WTC computation).
Psychology software psychology software tools,Sharpsburg, PA,USA E-prime 2.0 we apply E-prime to start the fNIRS measurement system and send triggers which marking the rest phase and collaborative learning phase for fNIRS recording data
Swimming caps Zoke corporation,Shanghai,China 611503314 We first placed the standard 10-20 EEG cap on the head mold, and placed the swimming cap on the EEG cap. Second, we marked (inion, Cz, T3, T4, PFC and P5) with chalk.
Three-dimensional (3-D) digitizer Polhemus, Colchester, VT, USA; Three-dimensional (3-D) digitizer Anatomical locations of optodes in relation to standard head landmarks were determined for each participant using a Patriot 3D Digitizer
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Tags

FNIRS HyperscanningInter-brain SynchronyOpen-ended Collaborative LearningNaturalistic EnvironmentNear Infrared SpectroscopyProbe PlacementSignal QualityData Export3D DigitizerMNI Coordinates
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Zhao, N., Zhu, Y., Hu, Y. Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study. J. Vis. Exp. (173), e62777, doi:10.3791/62777 (2021).
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