Summary

通过经腋窝入路进行无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术

Published: September 15, 2023
doi:

Summary

本方案介绍了使用无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术经腋窝入路 (GETTA) 进行甲状腺切除术的程序。

Abstract

对于早期低风险甲状腺状癌患者,越来越多的人选择内窥镜甲状腺手术,因为它能够在保持良好美容效果的同时获得良好的治疗效果。在可用的内窥镜手术中,无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术经腋窝入路 (GETTA) 在外科医生中越来越受欢迎。这归因于其简单的型腔结构、宽敞的操作区域、精确的视野暴露和可管理的学习曲线。然而,很少有研究对 GETTA 所涉及的具体手术步骤进行详细描述。根据现有文献和我们自己的临床专业知识的综合,我们提出了 GETTA 程序的全面概述。这个过程可以分为五个不同的阶段:定位和切口计划;建立手术腔;喉返神经、甲状旁腺下位和颈中央夹层的识别和保护; 喉上神经、甲状旁腺的定位和保存,甲状腺上极的解剖;甲状腺峡部横断术,然后整体切除甲状腺和颈部中央淋巴结。GETTA 的五步方法易于学习,可用于切除良性和恶性甲状腺和甲状旁腺疾病。

Introduction

最近甲状腺状微癌 (PTMC) 病率的增加1,2 主要影响年轻女性,因此需要提高手术技术,以提供医疗有效性和美学敏感性 3,4Chung 于 2004年推出的无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术经腋窝切除术 (GETTA) 的主要目标是提供一种满足这两种需求的最佳手术方法。

GETTA 的开发是为了解决传统开放手术的缺点,例如导致患者自我意识的明显疤痕以及对他们的工作和社交活动的潜在负面影响。甲状腺内窥镜手术已逐渐应用于甲状腺良性和恶性疾病的治疗3,4开放手术提供了一种侵入性较小的替代方法。然而,GETTA的创新在于其独特的无气方法。与其他技术相比,GETTA 程序具有多项优势。它通过腋窝的自然褶皱建立空腔,使切口隐藏起来,并产生卓越的术后美容效果6.此外,GETTA 在操作过程中无需 CO2 气体充气,从而避免了与 CO2 气体相关的并发症。此外,这种方法使颈前皮瓣完好无损,从而保护了术后颈椎前部区域的功能,并防止术后吞咽皮肤-气管连接6,7

该技术位于有关甲状腺内窥镜手术的更广泛文献中。虽然有大量关于内窥镜甲状腺手术经口和乳房入路的研究报告 8,9,但非充气甲状腺手术仍未得到充分报道10,11。因此,这种方法对该领域做出了重大贡献,为 GETTA 程序提供了全面的协议。

对于考虑应用这种方法的读者来说,它最适合早期、低风险的甲状腺状癌患者,他们希望在手术后留下最小的疤痕。然而,由于其空间限制,这种技术的成功取决于从业者对内窥镜手术的熟练程度。因此,该方法可能不适合没有高级内窥镜技能的从业者或医疗中心无法获得必要设备的从业者。

本文旨在加强对 GETTA 程序的理解,提供对其应用的见解,并希望促进其在更多医疗中心的采用。GETTA 的好处不仅限于医疗效果,还满足了患者对微创手术和良好美容效果的渴望。

Protocol

这项研究是严格按照《赫尔辛基宣言》中概述的伦理原则进行的,并遵守了我们机构人类研究伦理委员会制定的指导方针。该研究方案经过全面审查,获得四川大学华西医院伦理委员会批准。所有参与研究的患者在参与研究之前都提供了书面知情同意书,并在整个研究过程中采取了严格的措施来确保其数据的隐私和机密性。本研究纳入良性甲状腺结节、滤泡性肿瘤或状微癌患者,肿瘤大小小于 2 c…

Representative Results

在这项研究中,一组 200 名女性患者,平均年龄均为 36 岁(SD = 4.52;范围为 20 至 59 岁),接受了无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术经腋窝入路 (GETTA)(表 1)。患者的平均体重指数 (BMI) 为 22.79 kg/m2 (SD = 4.52;范围 = 18.27-27.31)。超声检查显示平均肿瘤大小为 7.09 mm (SD = 3.84)。所有患者都充分了解可用的手术选择,随后选择了 GETTA。在总数中,54 名 (27%) 患者有手术史并选择 GETT…

Discussion

无气内窥镜甲状腺切除术经腋窝入路 (GETTA) 是一种新型手术方法,可解决甲状腺状微癌 (PTMC) 发病率上升的问题,同时产生美观的结果 14,15,16。然而,这种技术需要对关键操作步骤有深刻的理解17。在开始实际手术之前,外科医生应通过研究该领域专家提供的现有演示来熟悉该程序16.主…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

没有。

Materials

EMG Endotracheal Tube Medtronic Xomed, Inc. 20173666541 EMG Endotracheal Tube 
Forceps Kangji Medical 106.890.A Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)
Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment Kangji Medical 106.890.A Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment
Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) Device Medtronic Xomed, Inc. 20083210370 NIM-Response 2.0
Laparoscopic aspirator Kangji Medical 106.891.A Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)
Nerve monitoring probe Medtronic Xomed, Inc. 20173666541 EMG Endotracheal Tube (Within)
Retractors (Two types) Kangji Medical 106.890.A Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)
Trocar Johnson & Johnson B5LT Trocar (5 mm)
Ultrasonic scalpel Johnson & Johnson HAR36 Ultrasonic scalpel

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Cite This Article
Zheng, X., Wang, X., Wei, T. Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach. J. Vis. Exp. (199), e64612, doi:10.3791/64612 (2023).

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