एक वीडियो के प्रदर्शन चूहा में खुशबू लेकिन Fimbria - तोरणिका घावों के बाद बिगड़ा मृत फैसले ट्रैकिंग से विमान का संचालन संरक्षित
Summary
एक विमान का संचालन खुशबू ट्रैकिंग कार्य में, चूहों की क्षमता को भोजन के साथ एक शरण के लिए लौटने के दृश्य एक गंध निशान का उपयोग कर या अवरक्त प्रकाश में मृत गणना का उपयोग करने के लिए, पिछले आंदोलनों के एकीकृत रिकॉर्ड, यह दर्शाता है कि हिप्पोकैम्पस मृत गणना के लिए आवश्यक है.
Abstract
Piloting and dead reckoning navigation strategies use very different cue constellations and computational processes (Darwin, 1873; Barlow, 1964; O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; Mittelstaedt and Mittelstaedt, 1980; Landeau et al., 1984; Etienne, 1987; Gallistel, 1990; Maurer and Séguinot, 1995). Piloting requires the use of the relationships between relatively stable external (visual, olfactory, auditory) cues, whereas dead reckoning requires the integration of cues generated by self-movement. Animals obtain self-movement information from vestibular receptors, and possibly muscle and joint receptors, and efference copy of commands that generate movement. An animal may also use the flows of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli caused by its movements. Using a piloting strategy an animal can use geometrical calculations to determine directions and distances to places in its environment, whereas using an dead reckoning strategy it can integrate cues generated by its previous movements to return to a just left location. Dead reckoning is colloquially called “sense of direction” and “sense of distance.”
Although there is considerable evidence that the hippocampus is involved in piloting (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987), there is also evidence from behavioral (Whishaw et al., 1997; Whishaw and Maaswinkel, 1998; Maaswinkel and Whishaw, 1999), modeling (Samsonovich and McNaughton, 1997), and electrophysiological (O’Mare et al., 1994; Sharp et al., 1995; Taube and Burton, 1995; Blair and Sharp, 1996; McNaughton et al., 1996; Wiener, 1996; Golob and Taube, 1997) studies that the hippocampal formation is involved in dead reckoning. The relative contribution of the hippocampus to the two forms of navigation is still uncertain, however. Ordinarily, it is difficult to be certain that an animal is using a piloting versus a dead reckoning strategy because animals are very flexible in their use of strategies and cues (Etienne et al., 1996; Dudchenko et al., 1997; Martin et al., 1997; Maaswinkel and Whishaw, 1999). The objective of the present video demonstrations was to solve the problem of cue specification in order to examine the relative contribution of the hippocampus in the use of these strategies. The rats were trained in a new task in which they followed linear or polygon scented trails to obtain a large food pellet hidden on an open field. Because rats have a proclivity to carry the food back to the refuge, accuracy and the cues used to return to the home base were dependent variables (Whishaw and Tomie, 1997). To force an animal to use a a dead reckoning strategy to reach its refuge with the food, the rats were tested when blindfolded or under infrared light, a spectral wavelength in which they cannot see, and in some experiments the scent trail was additionally removed once an animal reached the food. To examine the relative contribution of the hippocampus, fimbria–fornix (FF) lesions, which disrupt information flow in the hippocampal formation (Bland, 1986), impair memory (Gaffan and Gaffan, 1991), and produce spatial deficits (Whishaw and Jarrard, 1995), were used.
Protocol
Discussion
प्रयोगों हिप्पोकैम्पस के एक उपन्यास कार्य है जिसमें चूहों को उनकी शरण से एक भोजन गोली स्ट्रिंग के अंत में स्थित एक सुगंधित स्ट्रिंग के बाद एक जावक यात्रा के बाद घर लौटने challanged थे शोषण के द्वारा मृत गणना ?…
Acknowledgements
इस काम कनाडा के स्वास्थ्य अनुसंधान संस्थान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया था.
Materials
| Material Name | Tipo | Company | Catalogue Number | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium pentobarbital | Reagent | Sigma-Aldrich | p3761-25g | |
| Atropine methyl nitrate | Reagent | Sigma-Aldrich | a0382-5g | |
| Rodent pellets | Animal food | BIO-SERV |
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