व्यवहार Endocrinology और प्रायोगिक अर्थशास्त्र मेल: टेस्टोस्टेरोन और सामाजिक निर्णय करना
Summary
इस प्रोटोकॉल में वर्णित की प्रक्रिया से पता चलता है कि टेस्टोस्टेरोन प्रशासन और लोक विश्वासों के बारे में टेस्टोस्टेरोन सीधे विरोध सामाजिक व्यवहार के साथ जुड़ा हो सकता है है.
Abstract
Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in rodents have shown a direct link between testosterone and aggressive behavior1 and folk wisdom adapts these findings to humans, suggesting that testosterone induces antisocial, egoistic or even aggressive behavior2. However, many researchers doubt a direct testosterone-aggression link in humans, arguing instead that testosterone is primarily involved in status-related behavior3,4. As a high status can also be achieved by aggressive and antisocial means it can be difficult to distinguish between anti-social and status seeking behavior.
We therefore set up an experimental environment, in which status can only be achieved by prosocial means. In a double-blind and placebo-controlled experiment, we administered a single sublingual dose of 0.5 mg of testosterone (with a hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin carrier) to 121 women and investigated their social interaction behavior in an economic bargaining paradigm. Real monetary incentives are at stake in this paradigm; every player A receives a certain amount of money and has to make an offer to another player B on how to share the money. If B accepts, she gets what was offered and player A keeps the rest. If B refuses the offer, nobody gets anything. A status seeking player A is expected to avoid being rejected by behaving in a prosocial way, i.e. by making higher offers.
The results show that if expectations about the hormone are controlled for, testosterone administration leads to a significant increase in fair bargaining offers compared to placebo. The role of expectations is reflected in the fact that subjects who report that they believe to have received testosterone make lower offers than those who say they believe that they were treated with a placebo. These findings suggest that the experimental economics approach is sensitive for detecting neurobiological effects as subtle as those achieved by administration of hormones. Moreover, the findings point towards the importance of both psychosocial as well as neuroendocrine factors in determining the influence of testosterone on human social behavior.
Protocol
Discussion
एक संकेत है कि अपने परिणामों को मान्य कर रहे हैं अगर औसत मनाया प्रदान करता है के लिए इसी तरह की अन्य अध्ययनों से क्या मिला है. आमतौर पर, औसत प्रदान करता है 30 के बीच हैं – कुल राशि का 40% और विषयों की लगभग आधा बर?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
यह काम स्विस राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान फाउंडेशन (: PBEZP3 +१३११५४ CE) से एक अनुदान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया
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