जाग डीप ब्रेन उसकाव सर्जरी के दौर से गुजर मनुष्य में अंतर ऑपरेटिव व्यवहार कार्य
Summary
गहरी मस्तिष्क प्रोत्साहन सर्जरी जाग मानव मस्तिष्क में जानकारी एन्कोडिंग की जांच के लिए एक अनूठा अवसर प्रदान करता है. यह लेख अंतर ऑपरेटिव संज्ञानात्मक व्यवहार और कार्य प्रदर्शन करते हुए एक साथ EMG, एकल इकाई neuronal गतिविधि और / या स्थानीय क्षेत्र क्षमता जैसे शारीरिक डेटा प्राप्त तरीकों का इस्तेमाल किया वर्णन करेंगे.
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that directs chronic, high frequency electrical stimulation to specific targets in the brain through implanted electrodes. Deep brain stimulation was first implemented as a therapeutic modality by Benabid et al. in the late 1980s, when he used this technique to stimulate the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of tremor 1. Currently, the procedure is used to treat patients who fail to respond adequately to medical management for diseases such as Parkinson’s, dystonia, and essential tremor. The efficacy of this procedure for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease has been demonstrated in well-powered, randomized controlled trials 2. Presently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved DBS as a treatment for patients with medically refractory essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, and dystonia. Additionally, DBS is currently being evaluated for the treatment of other psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, and epilepsy.
DBS has not only been shown to help people by improving their quality of life, it also provides researchers with the unique opportunity to study and understand the human brain. Microelectrode recordings are routinely performed during DBS surgery in order to enhance the precision of anatomical targeting. Firing patterns of individual neurons can therefore be recorded while the subject performs a behavioral task. Early studies using these data focused on descriptive aspects, including firing and burst rates, and frequency modulation 3. More recent studies have focused on cognitive aspects of behavior in relation to neuronal activity 4,5. This article will provide a description of the intra-operative methods used to perform behavioral tasks and record neuronal data with awake patients during DBS cases. Our exposition of the process of acquiring electrophysiological data will illuminate the current scope and limitations of intra-operative human experiments.
Protocol
Discussion
डीप ब्रेन उसकाव सर्जरी करने के लिए एक मूल्यवान मानव मस्तिष्क में व्यक्तिगत न्यूरॉन्स की गतिविधियों की जांच करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है. इस अवसर पर तारीख करने के लिए कई विवरणात्मक अध्ययन की अनुमति दी ह?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Material Name | Tipo | Company | Catalogue Number | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Rig | ||||
| PC with dual Video Out | Dell Computers* | Optiplex 745 | ||
| Digital Boards | National Instruments** | PCI-6229 | ||
| Connector Board | National Instruments** | BNC-2090a | ||
| Software | The MathWorks | Matlab 2007b*** | ||
| Behavioral Software | Eskandar Lab | www.Monkeylogic.net | ||
| Acquisition Rig | ||||
| PC | Dell Computers * | Optiplex 745 | ||
| Digital Boards | Cambridge Electronic Designs* | Power 1401 | ||
| Software | Cambridge Electronic Designs* | Spike2 | ||
| Signal Processing | Alpha-Omega Engineering* | Micro-Guide Pro | ||
| Analysis | ||||
| Neuonal Signal post-processing | Plexon * | Offline Sorter | ||
| Software | The MathWorks * | Matlab 2007b | ||
| Button Box | Refer to ‘Button Assembly’ |
*Denotes that this items can be substitute for by comparable equipment or software;
** Denotes that substitute National Instruments components can be used (refer to www.Monkeylogic.net for compatibility);
*** Refer to www.Monkeylogic.net for specific required Matlab toolboxs.
Referências
- Benabid, A. L. Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease. Appl. Neurophysiol. 50 (1-6), 344-344 (1987).
- Deuschl, G. A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (9), 896-896 (2006).
- Gale, J. T. From symphony to cacophony: Pathophysiology of the human basal ganglia in Parkinson disease. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , (2007).
- Williams, Z. M. Human anterior cingulate neurons and the integration of monetary reward with motor responses. Nat. Neurosci. 7 (12), 1370-1370 (2004).
- Zaghloul, K. A. Human substantia nigra neurons encode unexpected financial rewards. Science. 323 (5920), 1496-1496 (2009).
