Эффективное доставки генов в нескольких территориях ЦНС Использование In Utero Электропорация
Summary
В электропорации внутриутробно позволяет для быстрой доставки гена в пространственно-временном и-контролируемым образом в развивающихся центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Здесь мы опишем хорошо адаптируется внутриутробно электропорации протокола, которые могут быть использованы для доставки выражение конструкции на несколько эмбриональных областях ЦНС, в том числе конечного мозга, промежуточного мозга и сетчатки.
Abstract
The ability to manipulate gene expression is the cornerstone of modern day experimental embryology, leading to the elucidation of multiple developmental pathways. Several powerful and well established transgenic technologies are available to manipulate gene expression levels in mouse, allowing for the generation of both loss- and gain-of-function models. However, the generation of mouse transgenics is both costly and time consuming. Alternative methods of gene manipulation have therefore been widely sought. In utero electroporation is a method of gene delivery into live mouse embryos1,2 that we have successfully adapted3,4. It is largely based on the success of in ovo electroporation technologies that are commonly used in chick5. Briefly, DNA is injected into the open ventricles of the developing brain and the application of an electrical current causes the formation of transient pores in cell membranes, allowing for the uptake of DNA into the cell. In our hands, embryos can be efficiently electroporated as early as embryonic day (E) 11.5, while the targeting of younger embryos would require an ultrasound-guided microinjection protocol, as previously described6. Conversely, E15.5 is the latest stage we can easily electroporate, due to the onset of parietal and frontal bone differentiation, which hampers microinjection into the brain. In contrast, the retina is accessible through the end of embryogenesis. Embryos can be collected at any time point throughout the embryonic or early postnatal period. Injection of a reporter construct facilitates the identification of transfected cells.
To date, in utero electroporation has been most widely used for the analysis of neocortical development1,2,3,4. More recent studies have targeted the embryonic retina7,8,9 and thalamus10,11,12. Here, we present a modified in utero electroporation protocol that can be easily adapted to target different domains of the embryonic CNS. We provide evidence that by using this technique, we can target the embryonic telencephalon, diencephalon and retina. Representative results are presented, first showing the use of this technique to introduce DNA expression constructs into the lateral ventricles, allowing us to monitor progenitor maturation, differentiation and migration in the embryonic telencephalon. We also show that this technique can be used to target DNA to the diencephalic territories surrounding the 3rd ventricle, allowing the migratory routes of differentiating neurons into diencephalic nuclei to be monitored. Finally, we show that the use of micromanipulators allows us to accurately introduce DNA constructs into small target areas, including the subretinal space, allowing us to analyse the effects of manipulating gene expression on retinal development.
Protocol
Discussion
Внутриутробное электропорации могут быть использованы для анализа разнообразных процессов развития. Например, трансфекции репортер генов, таких как GFP, mCherry или щелочной фосфатазы может быть использован для проведения линии отслеживания и нейронных экспериментов миграции. Кром?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Авторы хотели бы поблагодарить Ева Hadzimova, Пьер Маттар и Кристофер Ковач для их первоначальной работы по созданию внутриутробно электропорации технологии в CS лаборатории. Эта работа финансировалась Канадский институт исследований в области здравоохранения (CIHR) грант (44 094 СС) и CIHR / Фонд борьбы слепоты (FFB) новые команды Грант (00933-000) для CS и Альберта детской больницы Фонд исследований Грант ДМК. РД была поддержана Надежда стипендии CIHR Канаде, RC поддерживается Студенчество FFB и LML был поддержан грант CIHR Обучение генетики и развития ребенка.
Materials
| Name of reagent | Company | Catalogue Number | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine scissors | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 14078-10 | Surgical Tools |
| Iris scissors, curved | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 14061-10 | Surgical Tools |
| Olsen-Hegar Ex-Delicate Needle Holder | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 12002-12 | Surgical Tools |
| Ring forceps, 9mm | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11103-09 | Surgical Tools |
| Eye dressing Forcep | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11051-10 | Surgical Tools |
| Dumont #7 DMX Forcep | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11271-30 | Surgical Tools |
| Dumont #5 DMX Forcep | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11251-30 | Surgical Tools |
| Tissue forcep-Adson | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11027-12 | Surgical Tools |
| Reflex Clip Applier | World Precision Instrument | 500343 | Surgical Tools |
| Perforated Spoon, 15 mm diameter | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 10370-18 | Surgical Tools |
| Autoclip Remover | Mikron | 427637 | Surgical Tools |
| Silk Black Braided Suture | Ethicon Inc. | K871 | Surgical Tools |
| Reflex Skin Closure Stainless Steel Wound Clips | World Precision Instruments | 500346 | Surgical Tools |
| ECM 830 Square Wave Electroporation System | VWR-CanLab | 58018-004 | Instruments |
| Tweezers w/Variable Gap 2 Round 5mm Platinum Plate Electrode | Protech International Inc. | CUY650P5 | Instruments |
| Tweezers w/Variable Gap 2 Round 7mm Platinum Plate Electrode | Protech International Inc. | CUY650P7 | Instruments |
| Eppendorf Femtojet Microinjector | VWR CanLab | CA62111-488 | Instruments |
| Foot Control for Eppendorf Femtojet Microinjector | VWR CanLab | CAACCESS (misc.) | Instruments |
| Bransonic Ultrasonic Cleaner Model 1510R-DTH | VWR CanLab | CA33995-534 CPN-952-118 | Instruments |
| Sutter P97 Micropipet Puller | Sutter Instrument, Carsen Group Inc. | P-97 | Instruments |
| Micropipettes – Borosilicate with filament O.D.: 1mm, I.D.: 0.78 mm, 10 cm length | Sutter Instrument | BF100-78-10 | Instruments |
| 3-Axis Coarse Manipulator | Carl Zeiss Canada Inc. | M-152 | Instruments |
| Magnetic Holding Device for micromanipulator | World Precision Instruments | M1 | Instruments |
| Steel Base Plate for micromanipulator | World Precision Instruments | 5052 | Instruments |
| Micropipette Holder | World Precision Instruments | MPH3 | Instruments |
| Micropipette Handle | World Precision Instruments | 5444 | Instruments |
| Stereomicroscope | Leica | MZ6 | Instruments |
| Vaporizer for isoflurane anesthetic | Porter Instruments Company | MODEL 100-F | Instruments |
| Metriclean2 Low foaming solution for sonicating surgical tools | Metrex Research Corporation | 10-8100 | Surgical Reagents |
| Gentamicin 40mg/ml in 0.2 g methylene blue antibiotic spray after suturing | Sigma Aldrich | G1264 | Surgical Reagents |
| Germex for sterilizing surgical tools | Vétoquinol | DIN# 00141569 | Surgical Reagents |
| BNP ophthalmic ointment | Vétoquinol | DIN# 00516414 | Surgical Reagents |
| Nair® | Distributed by Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | commercially available | Surgical Reagents |
| Stanhexidine 4% w/v skin cleaner | Omega Laboratories Inc. | 01938983 | Surgical Reagents |
| Buprenorphine (Temgesic) analgesic | Schering-Plough | 531-535 | Surgical Reagents |
| Sulpha “25” sulphamethazine oral antibiotic | Professional Veterinary Laboratories | DIN# 00308218 | Surgical Reagents |
| Lactated Ringer Solution | Baxter Corporation | DIN# 0061085 | Surgical Reagents |
| Saline – 0.9% sodium chloride | B-Braun Medical Inc. | DIN# 01924303 | Surgical Reagents |
| Inhalation Anesthetic – Isoflurane USP | Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada Inc. | DIN# 02237518 | Surgical Reagents |
| Fast Green FCF | Sigma-Aldrich | F7252 | Surgical Reagents |
Referências
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