Extinction प्रशिक्षण Reconsolidation खिड़की के दौरान भय की वसूली रोकता है

Summary

वातानुकूलित डर एक निरोधात्मक विलुप्त होने नामक प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से कम किया जा सकता है, लेकिन समय या तनाव के लिए जोखिम के पारित होने के रूप में इस तरह की स्थितियों के तहत फिर से संगठित कर सकते हैं. हमारा प्रोटोकॉल reconsolidation खिड़की (पुनः भंडारण एक पुनः सक्रिय कर स्मृति के चरण) के दौरान विलुप्त होने शुरू करने से डर वसूली को रोकने का एक उपन्यास तरीका प्रस्तुत करता है.

Abstract

Fear is maladaptive when it persists long after circumstances have become safe. It is therefore crucial to develop an approach that persistently prevents the return of fear. Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigms are commonly employed to create a controlled, novel fear association in the laboratory. After pairing an innocuous stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) with an aversive outcome (unconditioned stimulus, US) we can elicit a fear response (conditioned response, or CR) by presenting just the stimulus alone^1,2 . Once fear is acquired, it can be diminished using extinction training, whereby the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the aversive outcome until fear is no longer expressed³. This inhibitory learning creates a new, safe representation for the CS, which competes for expression with the original fear memory⁴. Although extinction is effective at inhibiting fear, it is not permanent. Fear can spontaneously recover with the passage of time. Exposure to stress or returning to the context of initial learning can also cause fear to resurface^3,4.

Our protocol addresses the transient nature of extinction by targeting the reconsolidation window to modify emotional memory in a more permanent manner. Ample evidence suggests that reactivating a consolidated memory returns it to a labile state, during which the memory is again susceptible to interference^5-9. This window of opportunity appears to open shortly after reactivation and close approximately 6hrs later^5,11,16, although this may vary depending on the strength and age of the memory¹⁵. By allowing new information to incorporate into the original memory trace, this memory may be updated as it reconsolidates^10,11. Studies involving non-human animals have successfully blocked the expression of fear memory by introducing pharmacological manipulations within the reconsolidation window, however, most agents used are either toxic to humans or show equivocal effects when used in human studies^12-14. Our protocol addresses these challenges by offering an effective, yet non-invasive, behavioral manipulation that is safe for humans.

By prompting fear memory retrieval prior to extinction, we essentially trigger the reconsolidation process, allowing new safety information (i.e., extinction) to be incorporated while the fear memory is still susceptible to interference. A recent study employing this behavioral manipulation in rats has successfully blocked fear memory using these temporal parameters¹¹. Additional studies in humans have demonstrated that introducing new information after the retrieval of previously consolidated motor¹⁶, episodic¹⁷, or declarative¹⁸ memories leads to interference with the original memory trace¹⁴. We outline below a novel protocol used to block fear recovery in humans.

Protocol

अवलोकन अध्ययन हम इस प्रोटोकॉल में वर्णन लगातार तीन दिनों में तीन प्रयोगात्मक समूहों की एक डिजाइन के बीच इस विषय के साथ आयोजित किया जाता है. 1 दिन, सभी विषयों भय, वातानुकूलन, जहां वे दो संकेत है, ?…

Discussion

हम यहाँ प्रस्तुत प्रोटोकॉल एक साधारण वातानुकूलित डर एक तटस्थ एक aversive परिणाम के साथ बनती प्रोत्साहन जवाब बनाने में सक्षम बनाता है. एक दिन बाद हम डर स्मृति पुन: सक्रिय क्रम में अपनी reconsolidation ट्रिगर. इस चरण के ?…