क्षुधावर्धक साहचर्य में घ्राण सीखने<em> ड्रोसोफिला</em> लार्वा
Summary
ड्रोसोफिला लार्वा स्वाद इनाम के साथ सहयोगी गंध उत्तेजनाओं करने में सक्षम हैं. यहाँ हम एक सरल व्यवहार प्रतिमान कि क्षुधावर्धक साहचर्य घ्राण सीखने के विश्लेषण की अनुमति देता का वर्णन.
Abstract
In the following we describe the methodological details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with genetic interference, provides a handle to analyze the neuronal and molecular fundamentals of specifically associative learning in a simple larval brain.
Organisms can use past experience to adjust present behavior. Such acquisition of behavioral potential can be defined as learning, and the physical bases of these potentials as memory traces1-4. Neuroscientists try to understand how these processes are organized in terms of molecular and neuronal changes in the brain by using a variety of methods in model organisms ranging from insects to vertebrates5,6. For such endeavors it is helpful to use model systems that are simple and experimentally accessible. The Drosophila larva has turned out to satisfy these demands based on the availability of robust behavioral assays, the existence of a variety of transgenic techniques and the elementary organization of the nervous system comprising only about 10,000 neurons (albeit with some concessions: cognitive limitations, few behavioral options, and richness of experience questionable)7-10.
Drosophila larvae can form associations between odors and appetitive gustatory reinforcement like sugar11-14. In a standard assay, established in the lab of B. Gerber, animals receive a two-odor reciprocal training: A first group of larvae is exposed to an odor A together with a gustatory reinforcer (sugar reward) and is subsequently exposed to an odor B without reinforcement 9. Meanwhile a second group of larvae receives reciprocal training while experiencing odor A without reinforcement and subsequently being exposed to odor B with reinforcement (sugar reward). In the following both groups are tested for their preference between the two odors. Relatively higher preferences for the rewarded odor reflect associative learning – presented as a performance index (PI). The conclusion regarding the associative nature of the performance index is compelling, because apart from the contingency between odors and tastants, other parameters, such as odor and reward exposure, passage of time and handling do not differ between the two groups9.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
ड्रोसोफिला लार्वा में वर्णित सेटअप एक comparably प्राथमिक मस्तिष्क के भीतर साहचर्य घ्राण सीखने की जांच के लिए अनुमति देता है. दृष्टिकोण सरल, सस्ता, एक प्रयोगशाला में स्थापित करने के लिए आसान है और उच्च …
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
हम विशेष रूप से उनके प्रयोगात्मक सेटअप और पांडुलिपि पर टिप्पणी पर तकनीकी निर्देश के लिए Gerber प्रयोगशाला के सदस्यों का शुक्रिया अदा करना चाहता हूँ. हम भी मक्खी और जंगली प्रकार केंटन स्टॉक की देखभाल और रखरखाव के लिए Lyubov Pankevych धन्यवाद. यह काम DFG अनुदान TH1584/1-1, एसएनएफ 31003A_132812 अनुदान / 1 और Konstanz के विश्वविद्यालय के Zukunftskolleg (AST के लिए सभी) द्वारा समर्थित है.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | CAS number |
| Fructose | Sigma | 47740 | 57-48-7 |
| NaCl | Fluka | 71350 | 7647-14-5 |
| Agarose | Sigma | A5093 | 9012-36-6 |
| 1-octanol | Sigma | 12012 | 111-87-5 |
| Amylacetate | Sigma | 46022 | 628-63-7 |
| Paraffin oil | Sigma | 18512 | 8012-95-1 |
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