超声引导下经皮内注射小鼠
Summary
超声引导经皮内注射表示一个高效，可靠和可靶向形式的递送基因转移剂或细胞进入小鼠心脏。按照本协议所列的步骤，操作者可以在这个多才多艺，微创技术迅速成为主管。
Abstract
心血管疾病的小鼠模型是研究病理生理机制，探索潜在的再生疗法很重要。累及心肌注射实验，通过开胸手术直接进入正在执行。同时方便在另一个实验操作时，如冠状动脉结扎时执行的，需要进行侵入性手术的心肌内交付限制了潜在的实验设计。随着不断提高超声的分辨率，先进的无创成像方式，现在是可行的执行例行超声引导下经皮内注射。这种方式有效，可靠地提供代理心肌的目标区域。这种技术的优点包括：避免手术并发症的，该设施为目标选择性地在超声引导下心肌的区域，并有机会提供注射液的myocardium在多个预定的时间间隔。随着实践的技术，从内注射的并发症是罕见的，老鼠迅速从麻醉恢复正常活动的恢复。按照本协议所列的步骤，基本经验的超声心动图的操作者可以快速在这种通用的，微创技术成为称职。
Introduction
心脏疾病是导致死亡的男性和女性在美国的首要原因，占每年60万人死亡1。心血管疾病的小鼠模型是研究病理生理机制，并探索潜在的治疗非常重要。心肌递送基因治疗载体，干细胞，修饰RNA，以及它们的治疗潜力的心脏疾病2-7其它治疗剂允许调查。目前，有用于在小鼠模型6心肌递送治疗剂的选择有限。心肌内注射在直视下被普遍使用，但需要胸骨切开或开胸并仅限于心脏的暴露区域。而方便的时候在另外一个实验操作，如法援署结扎时进行，需要进行侵入性手术的心肌内交付限制了潜在的实验设计，并引入了从过程dditional影响（ 例如 ，纤维化由于开胸手术）。经皮心包递送病毒载体已被报道，但在现场和治疗剂的分布是不均匀的，而且很难控制8。经皮冠状动脉注射导致注射的材料，但有效的和可重复的冠状动脉提供更多的均匀分布是具有挑战性的小鼠模型。
在这里，我们描述一个胸外心肌内注射技术，使微创，操作员控制的超声引导下治疗药物靶向。该技术是简单易学，避免了需要开胸或胸骨切开术和随之而来的实验性的并发症，并且提供了关于定时和心肌内注射的位点具有更大的灵活性。因此，超声心动图辅助心肌内注射代表了技术上的简单而高效的操纵方法心肌细胞在小鼠实验模型。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
生物可以通过血液输送到心肌的直接心肌内注射，心包内注射，或间接施用。在心肌梗死模型最近基于细胞的疗法试验已述的开胸术的方法来注射液12-14的输送。在心肌治疗干预的成功的重要因素取决于传递路线的选择。生物的最高局部剂量是通过心肌内递送15,16来实现的。心肌内注射在直视下是最直接的方法，并允许有针对性给药的心肌17内。然而，这种方法也是最侵入?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
TWP was funded by the Irish Cardiac Society Brian McGovern Travelling Fellowship. WTP was funded by R01 HL095712 and an AHA Established Investigator Award.
Materials
| Vevo 2100 ultrasound imaging system | Visualsonics | ||
| Vevo Integrated Rail System III | Visualsonics | ||
| Microscan MS400 transducer | Visualsonics | ||
| Microscan MS550D transducer | Visualsonics | ||
| PrecisionGlide needles | BD | 305128 | 30G x 1 inch |
| 1cc slip tip syringe | Exel International | 26048 | or equivalent |
| Gastight 50ul glass syringes | Hamilton | 1705 | |
| Trypan blue stain (0.4%) | Gibco | 15250 | or equivalent |
| Isoflurane | Baxter | AHN3640 | or equivalent |
| Aquasonic 100 | Parker Laboratories | (01-08) | or equivalent |
| Polystyrene microspheres (red fluorescent) | Life Technologies | F-8842 | or equivalent |
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