In Situ Påvisning af autoreaktive CD4 T-celler i hjernen og hjertet Brug hovedhistokompatibilitetskompleks klasse II Dextramers
Summary
Protokollen til påvisning selvnedbrydende CD4 T-celler i hjernen og hjertet ved direkte farvning med større histokompatibilitetskompleks klasse II dextramers er blevet beskrevet i denne rapport. For omfattende analyse, en pålidelig metode til at opregne de frekvenser af antigen-specifikke CD4 + T-celler i situ også udtænkt.
Abstract
This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice and cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice. Two sets of cocktails of dextramer reagents were used, where dextramers+ cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): EAE, IAs/PLP 139-151 dextramers (specific)/anti-CD4 and IAs/Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70-86 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4; and EAM, IAk/Myhc 334-352 dextramers/anti-CD4 and IAk/bovine ribonuclease (RNase) 43-56 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4. LSCM analysis of brain sections obtained from EAE mice showed the presence of cells positive for CD4 and PLP 139-151 dextramers, but not TMEV 70-86 dextramers suggesting that the staining obtained with PLP 139-151 dextramers was specific. Likewise, heart sections prepared from EAM mice also revealed the presence of Myhc 334-352, but not RNase 43-56-dextramer+ cells as expected. Further, a comprehensive method has also been devised to quantitatively analyze the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the ‘Z’ serial images.
Introduction
Anvendelse af større histokompatibilitetskompleks (MHC) klasse II tetramerer til påvisning af antigen-specifikke CD4-T-celler har været en udfordring 1-7. For at forbedre afsløring følsomhed MHC klasse II tetramers har forskerholdet skabt næste generations tetramere udpeget "dextramers" 8. Dextramers indeholder dextran rygrade hvor flere streptavidin-fluoroforen dele er konjugeret, således at adskillige peptid-bundne, biotinylerede MHC-monomerer kan være knyttet til en dextranmolekyle 9. Således kan store aggregater af MHC dextramers som indeholder flere MHC-peptid-komplekser interagerer med flere T-cellereceptorer (TCR'er).
Denne gruppe nyligt genererede dextramers for forskellige selvantigener og viste, at påvisning følsomhed dextramers var cirka fem gange mere end tetramere 8. De eksperimentelle systemer omfatter eksperimentel autoimmun encephalomyelitis (EAE) induceret med proteolipidprotein (PLP) 139-151 i SJL-mus; EAE induceret med myelin oligodendrocyt glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 i C57BL / 6 mus; og eksperimentel autoimmun myocarditis (EAM) induceret med kardial myosin tung kæde-α (MyHC) 334-352 i A / J-mus. Denne undersøgelse viser anvendelsen af PLP 139-151 – og MyHC 334-352 dextramers at detektere antigenspecifikke CD4 T-celler in situ med specificitet ved at udvikle en direkte farvningsprotokol, hvorved behovet for at forstærke signalerne fra at bruge fluoroforen antistoffer, en nærmer almindeligvis anvendes med brug af tetramerer. Derudover har en omfattende metode til at evaluere væv også blevet udtænkt til pålideligt opregne de frekvenser af antigen-specifikke CD4 T-celler i situ 10. Påvisning af antigen-specifikke T-celler in situ muliggør afgrænsning af begivenheder forårsaget af specifikke antigene stimuli fra dem, der forårsages af bystander-aktivering. Ligeledes in situ teknik også provides muligheder for at spore kinetikken af antigen-specifikke T-celle infiltrationer i målorganer.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
I modsætning til MHC klasse I-tetramerer, anvendelse af MHC klasse II-tetramerer til rutinemæssig anvendelse er fortsat udfordrende, især at opregne de precursor-frekvenser med lav affinitet autoreaktive CD4 T-celler, til dels skyldes deres aktivering afhængighed 6,15-17. For nylig blev dette problem omgået ved at skabe den næste generation af tetramere, kaldet "dextramers", tillader os at opdage antigen-specifikke CD4 T-celler for en række autoantigener, såsom PLP 139-151, MOG 35-55 og MyHC…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Dette arbejde blev støttet af American Heart Association og Børnenes Kardiomyopati Foundation (SDG2462390204001), og National Institutes of Health (HL114669). CM er en modtager af en postdoc stipendium tildelt af myocarditis Foundation, NJ.
Materials
| CFA | Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO | 5881 | Store at 4οC |
| MTB H37Rv extract | Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI | 231141 | Store at 4οC |
| PT | List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA | 181 | Store at 4οC |
| 1x PBS | Corning, Manassas, VA | 21-040-CV | Store at 4οC |
| Female A/J mice | Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME | 646 | |
| Female SJL/J mice | Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME | 686 | |
| Leur-lok sterile 1 ml syrringe | BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ | 309628 | |
| Leur-lok sterile 3 ml syrringe | BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ | 309657 | |
| Sterile needle, 18 G | BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ | 305195 | |
| Sterile needle, 27 1/2 G | BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ | 305109 | |
| 3-way stopcock | Smiths Medical ASD, Inc. Dublin, OH | MX5311L | |
| Kerlix gauze bandage rolls | Covidien, Mansfield, MA | 6720 | |
| Kimwipes | Kimberly-Clark Professional, Roswell, GA | 34155 | |
| Agarose, Low Melting Point, Analytical Grade | Promega corporation, Madison, WI | V2111 | |
| Immunopure normal goat serum | Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA | 31873 | Store at -20 οC |
| Anti-mouse CD4 conjugated with PE dye | eBioscience, San Diego, CA | 12004185 | Store at 4οC |
| Paraformaldehyde | Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA | 19202 | Store at 4οC |
| Faramount Aqueous Mounting Medium | Dako, Carpinteria, CA | 10073021 | |
| Conical tube (15ml) | BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA | 352099 | |
| Conical tube (50 ml) | BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA | 352070 | |
| 24-well flat bottomed tissue culture plates | BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA | 356775 | |
| Water color #2 brushes | Charles Leonard, Inc. Hauppauge, NY | 73502 | |
| Plain Microscope slides, size: 3" x 1" x 1.2 mm | Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA | 1255010 | |
| Premium Cover glass, 22 x 22-1 | Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA | 12548B | |
| Disposable deep base mold histology cassettes | Laboratory prodcust, Rochester, NY | M-475-10 | |
| Loctite Super glue | Henkel Corporation, Westlake, OH | 1471879 | |
| Razor blades | Gillette SuperSilver | ||
| Myhc-a 334-352 (DSAFDVLSFTAEEKAGVYK) | Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA | Store at 4οC | |
| PLP 139-151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF) | Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA | Store at 4οC | |
| MHC class II/IAs PLP 139-151 or TMEV 70-86 dextramers conjugated with APC dye | Store at 4οC | ||
| MHC class II/IAk Myhc 334-352 or or RNase 40-56 dextramers conjugated with APC dye | Store at 4οC | ||
| Dextran conjugated SA-APC | Immundex, Copenhagen, Demark | Store at 4οC | |
| Sterile surgical scissors and forceps | INOX tool Corporation | ||
| Micro oven | GE Healthcare, Pittsuburgh, PA | ||
| Leica VT 1200 Vibratome | Leica Microsystems, Inc. Buffalo Grove, IL | ||
| Olympus BX 60 Laser scanning confocal microscope | Olympus America, Inc. Center Valley, PA | ||
| Nikon A1-Eclipse 90i confocal microscope | Nikon Inc. Melville, NY |
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