Moderado pré-natal álcool Exposição e quantificação do comportamento social em ratos adultos
Summary
The goal of the protocol presented here is to describe procedures to expose rats to moderate levels of alcohol during prenatal brain development and to quantify resulting alterations in social behavior during adulthood.
Abstract
Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several independent laboratories have demonstrated robust alterations in the social behavior of rodents exposed to alcohol during brain development across a wide range of exposure durations, timing, doses, and ages at the time of behavioral quantification. Prior work from this laboratory has identified reliable alterations in specific forms of social interaction following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the rat that persist well into adulthood, including increased wrestling and decreased investigation. These behavioral alterations have been useful in identifying neural circuits altered by moderate PAE1, and may hold importance for progressing toward a more complete understanding of the neural bases of PAE-related alterations in social behavior. This paper describes procedures for performing moderate PAE in which rat dams voluntarily consume ethanol or saccharin (control) throughout gestation, and measurement of social behaviors in adult offspring.
Introduction
Estima-se que 1-5% das crianças são diagnosticadas com Transtornos do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal (FASDs) 2, que incluem a Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal (SAF), FAS parcial (DFP), e ligados ao álcool neurodesenvolvimento transtornos (Arnds) 3. Os déficits de comportamento social e cognição estão entre os resultados adversos mais comuns observados em crianças com FASDs 4-7. Consequências negativas não se limitam a exposição pré-natal pesado de álcool (PAE), como moderado PAE que não leva ao déficit morfológicas, comportamentais e cognitivas conspícua característica do FAS pode causar relativamente sutil, mas mesmo assim persistente, déficit em humanos com FASDs 10/08 e animais não-humanos expostos ao etanol durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro 11. A importância de compreender as consequências neurobiológicas e comportamentais correspondentes de moderada PAE é sublinhada pelas estimativas atuais indicam que a grande maioria dos casos FASD estão dentro dos menos severe gama do espectro 12.
Vários laboratórios independentes relataram alterações no comportamento social roedor relacionadas à exposição ao etanol durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro, incluindo a diminuição da investigação e interação 1,13-15, alteradas jogo 14,16,17, aumento das interações agressivas 17,18, alterações na capacidade de resposta a estímulos sociais 19-21 e déficits nas preferências alimentares socialmente adquiridos e memória de reconhecimento social 22. Déficits de comportamento social têm sido observadas após a exposição aos pesados (concentrações de etanol no sangue (CEBs) ~ 300mg / dl) níveis mais moderados de etanol (CEBs ~ 80mg / dl) 1 ou 22,23, e através de uma ampla gama de parâmetros para outro significativo fatores, incluindo tempo de exposição, duração da exposição, e idade no momento da medição comportamental.
Pesquisas anteriores já haviam demonstrado que as alterações nos aspectos específicos da int sociaiseraction na idade adulta discriminar ratos expostos a níveis moderados de álcool a partir de animais de controle expostos a sacarina 1,18. Em particular, moderada PAE tem sido consistentemente associada com aumentos robustos no wrestling, o que sugere aumentos de comportamento agressivo, e níveis mais baixos de investigação social (por exemplo, farejando do parceiro) na idade adulta. Por causa alterações no comportamento social são consequências confiáveis de PAE, a quantificação do comportamento social seguinte PAE pode deter importância para progredir em direção a uma compreensão mais completa das bases neurais de alterações relacionadas à PAE no comportamento social e do desenvolvimento de abordagens de intervenção. O objetivo deste artigo e o vídeo associado é fornecer instruções sobre o protocolo PAE moderada e métodos para a quantificação do comportamento social em filhos adultos que têm seguramente distinguidos pré-natal da prole não expostos ratos expostos ao álcool.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
O paradigma de exposição pré-natal álcool descrito aqui envolve o consumo voluntário de etanol (5% v / v) por barragens de rato durante a gravidez. Há um número de protocolos de exposição dos animais não-humanos para etanol durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro representado na literatura, os quais diferem no que diz respeito ao tempo, dose, a duração e via de administração de etanol, bem como as espécies em estudo. Apesar de um tratamento exaustivo das vantagens de vários protocolos de exposição não ?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Support provided by grant AA019462 to DAH and AA019884 to DDS.
Materials
| Saccharin sodium salt hydrate | Sigma | S1002 | |
| 190 proof ethanol | Sigma | 493538 | |
| Beaded glass drinking tubes | Fisher | 14-955K | |
| Natural rubber white #4 stopper one hole | Plasticoid | LSG4M181 | |
| 1" bend tubes-ball point | Ancare | TD-199-3" | |
| Paper rulers | N/A | N/A | www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/paper_rulers |
| Apparatus for social interaction | Custom built | N/A | 95 cm X 47 cm X 43 cm |
| Video cameras | N/A | N/A | Capable of recording low/no light conditions |
| Infrared illuminators | Vitek | VT-IR1-12 | |
| Teklad laboratory grade sani-chips | Harlan | 7090A | |
| Brush and dustpan | N/A | N/A | |
| Isopropyl alcohol | Sigma | W292907 | |
| Chlorine Dioxide (1.5 mg Tablets) | Quiplabs | N/A | Prepare per manufacturer's recommendation |
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