Fremstilling af rekombinant humant IgG monoklonale antistoffer fra Immortaliserede Sorteret B-celler
Summary
Synthesis of human monoclonal antibodies is the first step in studies aimed at unraveling the pathophysiological mechanisms of auto-antibody-mediated immune responses. We have developed a protocol to generate recombinant human immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibodies from blood sorted B cells, including B-cell isolation, antibody cloning and in vitro synthesis.
Abstract
Finding new methods for generating human monoclonal antibodies is an active research field that is important for both basic and applied sciences, including the development of immunotherapeutics. However, the techniques to identify and produce such antibodies tend to be arduous and sometimes the heavy and light chain pair of the antibodies are dissociated. Here, we describe a relatively simple, straightforward protocol to produce human recombinant monoclonal antibodies from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using immortalization with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Toll-like receptor 9 activation. With an adequate staining, B cells producing antibodies can be isolated for subsequent immortalization and clonal expansion. The antibody transcripts produced by the immortalized B cell clones can be amplified by PCR, sequenced as corresponding heavy and light chain pairs and cloned into immunoglobulin expression vectors. The antibodies obtained with this technique can be powerful tools to study relevant human immune responses, including autoimmunity, and create the basis for new therapeutics.
Introduction
Målet med denne artikel er at beskrive i detaljer en metode til at generere og karakterisere humane IgG monoklonale antistoffer opnået fra humane perifere mononukleære celler (PBMC'er).
Interessen for at studere humane antistoffer er vokset i mange forskellige forskningsområder. Især mange forskergrupper er interesseret i patologi forårsaget af auto-antistoffer 1-3. Vi har klonet og karakteriseret patogene autoantistoffer 1. Studiet af auto-antistoffer kan hjælpe med at identificere deres mål og udvikle terapeutiske strategier, fx ved hjælp af konkurrerende antistoffer 4. Desuden kan studiet af humane antistoffer også være af interesse i andre forskningsområder, dvs., at evaluere immunresponset efter vaccination 5, at karakterisere antistofprofil af individer, der blev udsat og blev resistente over for specifikke patogener 6 eller at undersøge, hvilke antistoffer er iden naturlige repertoire 7,12.
Adskillige teknikker er blevet udviklet til at generere rekombinante humane monoklonale antistoffer 8-12; de fleste af disse anvender fag-display og B-celle-immortalisering. Anvendelsen af fag-display er blevet grundigt anvendt for opdagelsen af nye antistoffer 13. Det har imidlertid en stor ulempe, nemlig at de tunge og lette kæde par af det humane immunoglobulin blive dissocieret i processen. Produktion af hybridomer med humane B-celler eller EBV transformation overvinder denne ulempe.
Vi bruger infektion af thymiske B celler med EBV i kombination med polyklonal B-celle-stimulering via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) 6,12.
I dette papir, vi beskriver i detaljer den teknologi, som vi bruger til udvikling af IgG humane antistoffer, med en komplet oversigt over alle de trin fra PBMC isolation til in vitro-antistof generation. Detteprotokol kan anvendes til analyse af enhver type human IgG profil. I vores laboratorium har B-celler, der producerer IgG-antistoffer med held blevet adskilt fra resten af PBMC'er efter sortering. Halvtreds Weaver B-celler 8 kan derefter udplades i multi-brønds plader og udødeliggjort af EBV og TLR-9-aktivering, for klonal ekspansion af enkelte B-celler. Som fødeceller, har fibroblaster fra human embryonisk lungevæv blevet anvendt, cellelinje WI38, hvilket letter visualiseringen af de immortaliserede B-celler. Fra disse B-celler, kan sekvenserne af de tunge og lette kæder af immunoglobulin opnås ved PCR, og de antistoffer «gener klonet i immunoglobulin G ekspressionsvektorer og produceret in vitro. Med denne teknik kan enkelte antistoffer med nøjagtig det samme antistof sekvens fundet i donor undersøges.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
I dette manuskript, er alle trinene for genereringen af IgG-antistoffer fra humane PBMC'er præsenteres i detaljer. Denne protokol omfatter nogle fordele i forhold til tidligere publicerede teknikker. En af fordelene er, at antistoffet produceret holder de tunge og lette kæder, der svarer til den oprindelige pair i B-celle-klonen. Identifikationen af IgG antistoffer kan udføres i enhver type human donor, og der er ikke behov for forværring af immunresponset skyldes vaccination 5. Anvendelsen af f…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Forskning kontrakt Miguel Servet (ISCIII CD14 / 00.032) til (GN-G.). Fellowship fra Holland Organisation for Videnskabelig Forskning "Graduate School of Translationel Neurovidenskab Program" (022005019) til (CH).
Tilskud fra Prinses Beatrix Fonds (Project WAR08-12) og Foreningen Française contre les Myopati til (PM-M.); såvel som af en Veni Fellowship nederlandsk organisation for Videnskabelig Forskning (916.10.148) et fællesskab af Brain Foundation Nederlandene (FS2008 (1) -28) og Prinses Beatrix Fonds (Project WAR08-12) (til ML ).
Vi takker Jozien Jaspers for hendes hjælp i B-celle sortering ved flowcytometri.
Materials
| Histopaque-1077 | Sigma-Aldrich | 10771 | solution containing polysucrose and sodium diatrizoate |
| FACSAria II cell sorter | BD Biosciences | ||
| 96 U-bottom micro well plates | Costar | 3799 | |
| Advanced Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium | Gibco, Life Technologies | 12633-020 | |
| 30% v/v EBV-containing supernatant of the B95-8 cell line | ATCC | CRL-1612 | 3.4 x 108 copies/ml |
| CpG2006 | Invivogen | ODN 7909 | |
| Wi38 cells | Sigma-Aldrich | 90020107 | |
| Interleukin-2 | Roche | 10799068001 | |
| ELISA plates | Greiner Bio-One, Microlon | 655092 | |
| AffiniPure F(ab')2 Fragment Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ Fragment Specific (unconjugated) | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 109-006-008 | |
| 4% non-fat dry milk (Blotting Grade Blocker) | Biorad | 170-6404 | |
| Human IgG | Sigma | I 2511 | HUMAN IgG purified Immunoglobulin, 5.6 mg/ml |
| Goat F(ab)2 antihuman IgG Fcγ (conjugated with peroxidase (PO)) | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 109-036-008 | |
| ELISA reader (Perkin Elmer 2030) | Perkin Elmer | 2030-0050 | |
| Peroxidase-conjugated AffiniPure Rabbit Anti-Human IgM, Fc5µ | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 309-035-095 | |
| SuperScript III Cells Direct cDNA Synthesis System | Invitrogen | 18080-200 | |
| Applied Biosystems (ABI) GeneAm PCR System 2700 | Applied Biosystems | ||
| High Pure RNA Isolation Kit | Roche | 11828665001 | |
| Reverse transcription system kit | Promega | A3500 | |
| Recombinant Taq DNA Polymerase | TAKARA | R001A | |
| Primers (2μl) | Sigma | ||
| Ultrapure Agarose | Invitrogen | 16500-500 | |
| 100 bp ladder | Invitrogen | 15628-019 | |
| Quantity One 4.5.2 (Gel Doc 2000) | Biorad | 170-8100 | |
| QIAquick PCR purification kit | QIAGEN | 28106 | |
| BigDye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit | Applied Biosystems | 4337455 | |
| 0.1 ml reaction plate (MicroAMP Optical 96-well) | Applied Biosystems | 4346906 | |
| Genetic analyser ABI300 | Applied Biosystems | 4346906 | |
| DH5α competent cells (E. coli) | Invitrogen | 18263-012 | |
| pFUSEss-CHIg-hG1 (4493 bp) | Invivogen | pfusess-hchg1 | |
| pFUSEss-CHIg-hG4 (4484 bp) | Invivogen | pfusess-hchg4 | |
| pFUSE2ss-CLIg-hk (3875 bp) | Invivogen | pfuse2ss-hclk | |
| pFUSE2ss-CLIg-hl2 (3883 bp) | Invivogen | pfuse2ss-hcll2 | |
| SOC medium | Invitrogen | 15544-034 | |
| LB-based agar medium supplemented with Zeocin (Fast-Media Zeo Agar) | Invivogen | fas-zn-s | |
| Terrific Broth (TB)-based liquid medium supplemented with Zeocin (Fast-Media Zeo TB) | Invivogen | fas-zn-l | |
| DNA Miniprep kit | Omega Bio Technology | D6942-02 | |
| Nanodrop (ND1000 Spectrophotometer) | Nanodrop | ||
| LB-based agar medium supplemented with Blasticidin (Fast-Media Blast Agar) | Invivogen | fas-bl-s | |
| Terrific Broth (TB)-based liquid medium supplemented with Blasticidin (Fast-Media Blast TB) | Invivogen | fas-bl-l | |
| EcoRI | New England Biolabs | R0101S | 20,000 U/ml, in 10x NEBuffer EcoRI |
| NheI | New England Biolabs | R0131S | 10,000 U/ml, in 10x NEBuffer 2.1 |
| 2-Log DNA ladder | New England Biolabs | N3200S | 0.1-10.0 kb, 1,000 μg/ml |
| XmaI | New England Biolabs | R0180S | 10,000 U/ml, in 10x CutSmart Buffer |
| BsiWI | New England Biolabs | R0553S | 10,000 U/ml, in 10x NEBuffer 3.1 |
| AvrII | New England Biolabs | R0174S | 5,000 U/ml, in 10x CutSmart Buffer |
| FastAP Thermosensitive Alkaline Phosphatase | Thermo Scientific | EF0651 | 1 U/µL, in 10x FastAP Buffer |
| DH5α competent cells | Invitrogen | 18263-012 | |
| PE Mouse Anti-Human IgG | BD Pharmingen | 555787 | |
| anti-CD22, PerCP-Cy5.5, Clone: HIB22 | Fisher scientific | BDB563942 | |
| QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit | QIAGEN | 27106 | |
| BigDye Terminator v3.1 | Applied Biosystems | 4337455 |
Referências
- Vrolix, K., et al. Clonal heterogeneity of thymic B cells from early-onset myasthenia gravis patients with antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. J Autoimmun. 52, 101-112 (2014).
- Yamashita, M., Katakura, Y., Shirahata, S. Recent advances in the generation of human monoclonal antibody. Cytotechnology. 55 (2-3), 55-60 (2007).
- Pereira, K. M., Dellavance, A., Andrade, L. E. The challenge of identification of autoantibodies specific to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in high throughput operation: Proposal of reliable and feasible strategies. Clin Chim Acta. 437, 403-410 (2014).
- Losen, M., et al. Treatment of myasthenia gravis by preventing acetylcholine receptor modulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1132, 174-179 (2008).
- Smith, K., et al. Rapid generation of fully human monoclonal antibodies specific to a vaccinating antigen. Nat Protoc. 4 (3), 372-384 (2009).
- Fraussen, J., et al. A novel method for making human monoclonal antibodies. J Autoimmun. 35 (2), 130-134 (2010).
- Traggiai, E., et al. An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus. Nat Med. 10 (8), 871-875 (2004).
- Fraussen, J., et al. Autoantigen induced clonal expansion in immortalized B cells from the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol. 261 (1-2), 98-107 (2013).
- Yamashita, M., et al. Different individual immune responses elicited by in vitro immunization. Cytotechnology. 40 (1-3), 161-165 (2002).
- Hui-Yuen, J., Koganti, S., Bhaduri-McIntosh, S. Human B cell immortalization for monoclonal antibody production. Methods Mol Biol. 1131, 183-189 (2014).
- Tiller, T., et al. Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR and expression vector cloning. J Immunol Methods. 329 (1-2), 112-124 (2008).
- Lanzavecchia, A., Corti, D., Sallusto, F. Human monoclonal antibodies by immortalization of memory B cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 18 (6), 523-528 (2007).
- Traggiai, E. Immortalization of human B cells: analysis of B cell repertoire and production of human monoclonal antibodies. Methods Mol Biol. 901, 161-170 (2012).
- Strober, W., et al. Monitoring cell growth. Curr Protoc Immunol / edited by. John E. Coligan … [et al.]. Appendix 3, Appendix 3A (2001).
- Ibrahim, S. F., van den Engh, G. Flow cytometry and cell sorting. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 106, 19-39 (2007).
- Leith, J. T., Padfield, G., Faulkner, L. E., Quinn, P., Michelson, S. Effects of feeder cells on the X-ray sensitivity of human colon cancer cells. Radiother Oncol. 21 (1), 53-59 (1991).
- Hui-Yuen, J., McAllister, S., Koganti, S., Hill, E., Bhaduri-McIntosh, S. Establishment of Epstein-Barr virus growth-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. J Vis Exp. (57), 3321 (2011).
- Smith, L. M., et al. Fluorescence detection in automated DNA sequence analysis. Nature. 321 (6071), 674-679 (1986).
