Summary

Fænotypisk og funktionel analyse af Aktiverede Regulatory T celler isoleret fra kronisk lymfatisk choriomeningitisvirus-inficerede mus

Published: June 22, 2016
doi:

Summary

Here, we describe a protocol to analyze the phenotype of regulatory T (Treg) cells isolated from naïve and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice. In addition, we provide a process to evaluate the suppressive activity of the Treg cells.

Abstract

Regulatoriske T (T reg) celler, som udtrykker Foxp3 som en transskriptionsfaktor, er delmængder af CD4 + T-celler. T reg celler spiller afgørende roller i immun tolerance og homeostase vedligeholdelse ved at regulere immunresponset. Den primære rolle af T reg celler er at undertrykke proliferationen af effektor-T (T eff) celler og produktionen af cytokiner, såsom IFN-γ, TNF-α og IL-2. Det er blevet påvist, at T reg cellers evne til at inhibere funktionen af T eff celler forstærkes under vedvarende patogen infektion og cancerudvikling. For at tydeliggøre funktionen af T reg celler under hvilende eller betændte tilstande, en række forskellige in vitro suppression assays under anvendelse af muse eller human T reg celler er blevet udtænkt. Hovedformålet med denne undersøgelse er at udvikle en metode til at sammenligne forskellene i fænotype og undertrykkende funktion mellem hvilende og aktiverede T regceller. For at isolere aktiverede T reg celler blev mus inficeret med lymfocytisk choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) klon 13 (CL13), en kronisk stamme af LCMV. T reg celler isoleret fra milten fra LCMV CL13-inficerede mus udviste både den aktiverede fænotype og forøget undertrykkende aktivitet sammenlignet med hvilende T reg celler isoleret fra naive mus. Her beskriver vi den grundlæggende protokol for ex vivo fænotype-analyse for at skelne aktiverede T reg celler fra hvilende T reg celler. Desuden beskriver vi en protokol til måling af den undertrykkende aktivitet fuldt aktiverede T reg celler.

Introduction

Regulatoriske T (T reg) celler udtrykker forkhead kasse P3 (Foxp3) som en transskription faktor for deres udvikling og funktion 1. Derudover T reg celler udtrykker forskellige andre molekyler, såsom CD25 2, lymfocyt-aktivering gen 3 (LAG-3) 3, glucocorticoidinduceret tumornekrosefaktorreceptor 4, og cytotoksisk T-lymfocyt-associeret protein 4 (CTLA-4) 5 på deres overflade eller intracellulære område. Under kronisk infektion med forskellige former for patogener såsom vira 6,7, bakterier 8,9 og parasitter 10-12, eller i løbet af kræft udvikling 13,14, bliver T reg celler differentieret i aktiverede celler, viser forbedret undertrykkende funktion målretning effektor CD4 + og CD8 + T-celler. En række papirer har antydet, at ekspanderede og aktiverede T reg celler bidrager til de forringede CD8 + T-celle-response under ven retrovirus (FV) infektion 15-17. FV-inducerede T reg celler inhiberer IFN-γ eller granzym B-ekspression og cytotoksisk reaktivitet af CD8 + -T-celler 15-17. Desuden er der i en herpes simplex virus infektion model, blev det rapporteret, at udtømningen af CD4 + CD25 + -T-reg-celler resulterede i en udvidelse af virus-specifikke CD8 + T-celler og alvorlig vævsbeskadigelse ved infiltration af immunopathogenic CD4 + -T-celler 18-20.

Mus inficeret kronisk med klonen 13-stammen af lymfocytisk choriomeningitis virus (LCMV CL13) 21-24 er ofte blevet brugt til at karakterisere fænotypen og funktion af effektor T-celler (T EFF) og T reg celler under kronisk virusinfektion. Under vedvarende LCMV-infektion, virus-specifikke T eff celler gradvist mister deres effektorfunktion og blive udmattet T (Texh) celler. På den anden side, Treg celler styrke deres evne til at undertrykke virus-specifikke T-celle respons 25. Faldet i funktion kapacitet af T eff celler kan forklares ved adskillige faktorer, såsom opregulering af inhiberende receptorer på T eff celler, ændret funktion af antigen-præsenterende celler, produktion af immunregulatoriske cytokiner, og øget frekvens eller forstærket funktion af T reg celler 26. Blandt de er involveret i T-celle-suppression faktorer, programmeret celledød protein-1 (PD-1) udtrykkende Texh celler og T reg celler er blevet bredt betragtes som kendetegnende for antigen persistens og undertrykkende miljø. For nylig blev det rapporteret, at blokade af PD-1-vejen og ablation af T reg celler føre til øget T-cellefunktion og nedsat viral belastning under LCMV kronisk infektion 27. Desuden er T reg celler aktiveres under kronisk infektion af mus med LCMV 23,25 </sop> og deres undertrykkende funktion styrkes 25. PD-1 er overudtrykt på T reg celler såvel som Texh celler, og niveauet af PD-1 udtrykt af T reg celler korrelerer med styrken af deres supprimerende funktion at inhibere T-celleproliferation 25.

Her beskriver vi en metode til at sammenligne egenskaberne af aktiverede T reg celler isoleret fra mus inficeret med LCMV CL13 og hvilende T reg celler isoleret fra naive mus. Endvidere forklarer vi en række processer til at adskille aktiverede T reg celler og undersøger deres ex vivo fænotype, samt måle deres supprimerende aktivitet in vitro.

Protocol

I denne undersøgelse blev mus holdt i en SPF-facilitet i Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center i Yonsei Universitet. Alle eksperimenter dyr blev udført i overensstemmelse med de koreanske Food and Drug Administration retningslinjer hjælp protokoller er godkendt af International Animal Care og brug Udvalg Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center ved Yonsei Universitet. 1. Fremstilling af opløsninger Forbered 2% RPMI medier ved fortynding føtalt bovint serum (FBS) til 2% og …

Representative Results

Vi genererede mus med vedvarende virusinfektion ved at indsprøjte dem med 2 x 10 6 pfu af LCMV CL13 intravenøst. For at undersøge de fænotypiske ændringer i T reg celler og T conv celler under kronisk virusinfektion, blev milt-lymfocytter opnået fra naive og inficerede mus farvet med forskellige antistoffer og analyseret ved flowcytometri. Ved 16 d pi, blev PD-1 opreguleres i både Foxp3 – CD4 + T conv (figur…

Discussion

Selvom der findes kun et lille antal af T reg celler i mus og mennesker, er det vigtigt at forstå deres funktion som de spiller en afgørende rolle i reguleringen af immunresponset og opretholdelse immuntolerance. Antallet og undertrykkende funktioner T reg celler stiger i løbet af en kronisk virusinfektion 15-20 samt kræft progression 13,14. Dette er sandsynligvis på grund af fortsat antigenstimulering. At evaluere T reg celler fungerer under antigen persistens…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1A6A3A01020610 to HJP) and a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (HI15C0493 to SJH).

Materials

FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 RM4-5 BD Biosciences 553047 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
Cytofix/Cytoperm BD Biosciences 554714 Use this reagent for cell surface staining.
U-Bottom Tissue Culture Plates BD Biosciences 353077
Fixation buffer BD Biosciences 554655 Use this reagent for cell surface staining.
FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD25 7D4 BD Biosciences 553072 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
Cell strainer, 70mm BD Biosciences 352350 Use this strainer for grinding the whole spleen.
Cell strainer, 40mm BD Biosciences 352340 Use this strainer for filtering the cells before column enrichment.
Brilliant Violet 421 Anti-mouse CD279 (PD-1) 29F.1A12 BioLegend 135217 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
Brilliant Violet 605 Anti-Mouse CD4 RM4-5 Biolegend 100547 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
APC Anti-Mouse/Rat Foxp3  FJK-16s eBioscience 17-5773 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
Foxp3 / Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set eBioscience 00-5223
PerCP-Cyanine5.5 Anti-Mouse CD8a 53-6.7 eBiosicence 45-0081 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 100X in FACS buffer.
Mouse IFN-gamma Platinum ELISA eBiosicence BMS606
RPMI 1640 GE Life Sciences SH30027
PBS (1X) GE Life Sciences SH30256
ACK Lysing Buffer Gibco A10492-01
L-Glutamine, 200mM solution Gibco  25030
Penicillin-Streptomycin, 10,000U/mL Gibco  10378-016
LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR Dead Cell Stain Kit Life technologies L-34975 Please determine appropriate concentration. In this protocol, this reagent was diluted 500X in FACS buffer.
CD8a+ T Cell Isolation Kit, mouse Miltenyibiotec 130-104-075
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Isolation Kit, mouse Miltenyibiotec 130-091-041
MACS Separation Columns, LD columns Miltenyibiotec 130-042-901 Use this column for Treg cell isolation
MACS Separation Columns, LS columns Miltenyibiotec 130-042-401 Use this column for CD8+ T cell and Treg cell isolation
EDTA, 0.5M (pH 8.0) Promega V4231
2-Mercaptoethanol Sigma Life Science M7522
Fetal Bovine Serum Thermo Fisher Scientific SH30919.03
CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit Thermo Fisher Scientific C34557
BD Canto II flowcytometer BD Biosciences Flow cytometer*
Flowjo TreeStar Flow cytometry software†
Hematocytomer Marienfeld superior

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Park, H. J., Oh, J. H., Ha, S. Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice. J. Vis. Exp. (112), e54138, doi:10.3791/54138 (2016).

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