骨再生のための生体材料の生物学的互換性プロファイル
Summary
大きな骨病変を修復するために設計された、新しいバイオマテリアルの数は骨の治癒を高め、骨移植に関連する合併症を克服することを目的と継続的に拡大しています。骨修復のためのバイオマテリアルの前臨床生体適合性テストのための学際的な戦略を紹介します。
Abstract
大きな非組合骨骨折は、整形外科で重要な課題です。自動車と同種骨移植は、このような病変を治癒に優れている、彼らの使用の潜在的な合併症があります。したがって、材料の科学者は、これらの問題を克服するために合成、生体適合性バイオマテリアルを開発しています。本研究では骨修復のためのバイオマテリアルの評価のための学際的なプラットフォームを提案する.我々 は骨の生物学と免疫学培養破骨細胞 (OC) と骨芽細胞 (OB) アッセイと骨修復、免疫原性、アレルゲン性のマウス モデル体内を含むプラットフォームを開発する専門知識を組み合わせます。実験を実行し、結果を要約、生体材料の生体適合性に関する報告方法を示します。特に、β-リン酸三カルシウム (β-TCP) リン酸ディスクのコンテキストで OB 生存・分化と鉱化作用と OC 生存分化をテストします。また、骨の治癒の初期段階に及ぼす影響を決定するための重要なサイズの頭蓋骨骨欠損マウス モデルにおける骨修復用臨床的に市販材料である β-TCP/コラーゲン (β-TCP/C) フォームをテストしました。並列実験マウスにおける免疫・ アレルギー反応を評価されます。我々 のアプローチは、骨の治癒と修復術に使用する生体材料の生体適合性を予測するために必要なパラメーターの範囲で骨生体材料の生物学的互換性のプロファイルを生成します。
Introduction
骨修復は血腫形成、炎症から始まる複雑なプロセス、カルスの形成と、1,2を改造します。ただし、潜在的な骨再生は骨破壊1,3のサイズに制限されます。例えば、大きな骨骨折外傷、癌や骨粗鬆症による癒すことができない、非組合骨折と呼ばれます。これらの骨病変は、健康な生理学的な骨の修復と再生を促進する治療を必要があります。現在、自家および同種骨移植は 220 万骨交換の手順と選択4のアプローチ毎年5。これらの手順は、高い成功率を持っている、しかし拒絶4ドナー サイト罹患率や感染骨の限られた可用性などの合併症がある可能性があります。骨再生のための新たな選択肢は、これらの課題に対処するために求められています。
天然または合成高分子、セラミックスや金属細胞と生体分子との組み合わせでのバイオマテリアルの設計は上昇6。生理学的骨治癒と生体材料のコンテキストで癒しの私達の現在の理解は機械的性質など複数の要因と循環と骨折部位7 から細胞を含む複数の局所的・全身的要因によって異なります ,8,9。骨再生のための生体材料は、10 osteogenicity、オッセオインテグレーションを促進することを目指して、理想的に生体適合性、生分解性多孔質 (栄養素、酸素、細胞遊走を促進) です。彼らはまた十分に痛みを和らげるために骨折部位をサポートする強力なする必要があります。さらに、炎症性因子は、癒しのプロセスを開始する必要があります。ただし、生体材料は、過剰な炎症やアレルギー反応を誘発する場合、これを制限または骨11,12の治癒を阻害します。したがって、学際的なアプローチは評価生体材料の骨修復のために開発されなければなりません。
本研究で提案する代表的な材料は、1) Orthovita Vitoss 第三リン酸カルシウムから成る市販海綿骨移植代用品である泡から成るナノサイズ純粋な β-リン酸三カルシウムの前臨床評価リン酸 (β-TCP) 粒子とタイプ 1 コラーゲン (C) (β-TCP/C フォーム) と 2) β TCP ディスク。ここでは、主骨芽細胞 (OB) を使用してこれらの生体材料の生体適合性のテストを示すし、破骨細胞 (OC) 試金、骨修復、T リンパ球増殖培養を含む免疫学的評価の体内モデルとサイトカイン産生と生体内での免疫原性とアレルゲン性、以前に報告された13。
Protocol
手順ケアと教育・科学・研究省オーストリアの実験動物の使用のすべてのガイドラインに従う BALB/c マウスで行われた、オーストリア文部省、科学の倫理委員会で承認されました。・研究。 1. プライマリ マウス OB 文化 新生児マウス頭蓋冠由来酵素消化を使用してから OB の分離 斬首で 1-2 日古い新生児子犬 (合計 60) を安楽死させるし、リン酸…
Representative Results
Β-TCP 骨修復における生体材料としての有効性の評価、体外と体内のスクリーニング方法を使用しました。まず、OB 中単独でコントロール対応ベースラインと比較して β TCP ディスク レスポンスを測定しました。図 2は、文化の 7, 14 日目に β TCP ディスクに対して OB 生存率を示しています。代謝活性の高い細胞文化井戸から測定セル…
Discussion
骨の再生と修復のために開発された代表的な生体材料の生体適合性の前臨床評価のための学際的なアプローチを紹介します。我々 は OCs、海底地震計の応答をテストし、重要な骨欠損内に生体の治癒反応モデル マウスと同様、 in vitroとin vivo免疫応答。法データと生体材料学から派生した結論の要約の作業を示すを目指しました。当社の戦略が骨生体材料の生体適合性の貴…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
この研究プロジェクトは、付与契約第 263363 の下で欧州連合の第 7 フレームワーク プログラム (FP7/2007-2013) から資金を受けています。
Materials
| Biomaterials | |||
| β-tricalcium phosphate disks (β-TCP, 14 mm) | Disks were sintered in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1150 °C. A detailed description of the production can be found in Zimmer et al (doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34639). Samples were UV-irradiated (15 min for each side) before using in cell cultures. | ||
| Orthovita Vitoss foam (β-TCP/C foam) | Orthovita | 2102-1405 | |
| Mouse osteoblast culture | |||
| Alizarin Red S | Sigma-Aldrich | A5533 | |
| ALP assay buffer (2x) pH 10.4 | Dissolve 200 mM glycine, 2 mM magnesium chloride, 2 mM zinc chloride in ultrapure water and adjust to pH 10. | ||
| Bone growth medium (BGM) | α-MEM + 10% heat-inactivated FBS + 1% penicillin/streptomycin | ||
| Cell lysis buffer: CyQuant cell lysis buffer 20x concentrate | Thermo Scientific | C7027 | Dilute the concentrated cell lysis buffer stock 20-fold in ultrapure water. |
| Cell viability reagent: Presto Blue cell viability reagent | Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific | A13261 | |
| Collagenase type IV from clostridium histolyticum | Sigma-Aldrich | C5138 | |
| DC protein assay kit II | Bio Rad | 5000112 | DC protein assay kit contains reagent A, reagent B, reagent S and BSA for the reference standard. For reagent A', add 20 µL reagent S to 1000 µL reagent A. |
| Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) | Sigma-Aldrich | D8418 | Steril-filter DMSO before usage. |
| Dispase II (neutral protease, grade II) | Roche | 4942078001 | |
| EnzCheck Phosphatase Assay Kit for alkaline phosphatase activity | Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific | E12020 | EnzCheck Phosphatase Assay Kit contains 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (DiFMUP), N,N-dimethylformamide and 6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DiFMU). |
| Fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Sigma-Aldrich | F7524 | |
| Formalin solution neutral buffered 10% | Sigma-Aldrich | HT501128 | |
| Glycine | Sigma-Aldrich | G8898 | |
| Hexadecylpyrdinium (cetylpyridinium) chloride monohydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | C9002 | |
| L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | A8960 | |
| Magnesium chloride hexahydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | M2670 | |
| MEM alpha medium (α-MEM) | Gibco Life Technologies | 11900-073 | |
| Osteogenic mineralization medium (MM) | α-MEM + 10% heat-inactivated FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin + 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid + 5 mM β-glycerophosphate | ||
| Penicillin-streptomycin | Sigma-Aldrich | P4333 | |
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Sigmafast BCIP/NBT | Sigma-Aldrich | B5655 | |
| Trypsin-EDTA (0.5%), no phenol red (10x) | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15400054 | Dilute the concentrated stock solution 10-fold in 1x PBS. |
| Tween20 | Sigma-Aldrich | P1379 | |
| Ultrapure water: Cell culture water pyrogen free | VWR | L0970-500 | |
| Wash buffer | Add 0.05% Tween20 to 1x PBS. | ||
| Zinc chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | 1.08816 | |
| β-Glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | G5422 | |
| 24-well suspension culture plate | Greiner bio-one | 662102 | |
| 24-well tissue culture plate | Greiner bio-one | 662160 | |
| 50 mL conical tube | Greiner bio-one | 227261 | |
| 96-well black plate | Greiner bio-one | 655076 | |
| 96-well transparent plate | Greiner bio-one | 655001 | |
| Centrifuge: VWR Mega Star 600R | VWR | ||
| CO2-Incubator: HeraCell 240 | Thermo Scientific | ||
| Cryovial 2 mL | Greiner bio-one | 122263 | |
| Disposable filter unit FP30/0.2 CA-S | GE Healthcare Life Sciences Whatman | 10462200 | For sterile filtration of enzyme solution. |
| Flatbed scanner: Epson Perfection 1200 Photo | Epson | ||
| Infinite M200 Pro microplate reader | Tecan | ||
| Microcentrifuge tube: Eppendorf tube safe-lock 0.5 mL | VWR | 20901-505 | |
| Microcentrifuge tube: Eppendorf tube safe-lock 1.5 mL | VWR | 21008-959 | |
| Shaker Swip (orbital and horizontal) | Edmund Buehler | ||
| Shaking incubator GFL3032 | GFL | 3032 | |
| Single-use pipet: serum pipet | Greiner bio-one | 612301 | |
| Sterile instruments (scissors, tweezer, curved forceps) | |||
| Tissue culture plate (10 cm) | Greiner bio-one | 664960 | |
| Mouse osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture | |||
| 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | Sigma-Aldrich | 17936 | 1000x concentrated stock (10 µM in ethanol 100%) |
| Acetone | VWR Chemicals | 22065.327 | |
| Bone growth medium (BGM) | α-MEM + 10% heat-inactivated FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin | ||
| Distilled water | Carl Roth | 3478.4 | |
| Ethanol (100% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 20821.365 | |
| Ethanol (70% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 93003.1006 | |
| Fast red violet LB salt | Sigma-Aldrich | F3381 | |
| Fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Sigma-Aldrich | F7524 | |
| Formalin solution neutral buffered 10% | Sigma-Aldrich | HT501128 | |
| MEM alpha Medium (α-MEM) | Gibco Life Technologies | 11900-073 | |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide | Sigma-Aldrich | D4551 | |
| Naphthol AS-MX phosphate | Sigma-Aldrich | N4875 | |
| Osteoclast differentiation medium (DM) | α-MEM + 10% heat-inactivated FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin + 1 nM 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 + 1 µM prostaglandin E2 | ||
| Penicillin-streptomycin | Sigma-Aldrich | P4333 | |
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) | Cayman Chemical Company | 9003016 | 1000x concentrated stock (1 mM in ethanol 100%) |
| Sodium acetate trihydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | S7670 | |
| Sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate | Sigma-Aldrich | S8640 | |
| Sterile instruments (scissors, forceps, scalpel) | |||
| TRAP buffer pH 5.0 | Dissolve 40 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM sodium tartrate in ultrapure water and adjust to pH 5. | ||
| Ultrapure water: Cell culture water pyrogen free | VWR | L0970-500 | |
| 24-well suspension culture plate | Greiner bio-one | 662102 | |
| 24-well tissue culture plate | Greiner bio-one | 662160 | |
| 50 mL conical tube | Greiner bio-one | 227261 | |
| Centrifuge: VWR Mega Star 600R | VWR | ||
| CO2-Incubator: HeraCell 240 | Thermo Scientific | ||
| Diamond wafering blade (10.2 cm x 0.3 cm) | Buehler | ||
| Isomet low-speed saw | Buehler | ||
| Petri dish (6 cm) | Greiner bio-one | 628,161 | |
| Screw cap glass bottle 20 mL | Carl Roth | EXY4.1 | |
| Single-use sterile syringe 1 mL | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003016 | |
| Single-use pipet: serum pipet | Greiner bio-one | 612301 | |
| Sterile needle: Hypodermic needle RW 27 G x 3/4'' | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003340 | |
| Mouse calvarial defect model | |||
| Analgesia: Buprenorphine (Bupaq) | Richter Pharma AG | ||
| Anesthesia: Ketamine (Ketamidor), Xylazine (Rompun) | Richter Pharma AG/Bayer HealthCare | ||
| Cold sterilant: SafeSept Max | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9882765 | |
| Ethanol (70% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 93003.1006 | |
| Eye ointment: VitA POS 5 g | Ursapharm | ||
| Normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution) | Fresenius Kabi | ||
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Povidone iodine solution: Braunol 1000 mL | B. Braun | 3864154 | |
| Roti-Histofix 4.5% buffered formalin | Carl Roth | 2213.6 | |
| Tissue adhesive: Histoacryl 5 x 0.5 mL | B. Braun Surgical | 1050060 | |
| Personal protective equipment: surgical gloves, cap and mask, gown | Henry Schein Animal Health | 1045073, 1026614, 9009062, 370406 | |
| Sterile instruments (scalpel, scissors, forceps, needle holder) | |||
| Sterile needles: Hypodermic needles RW 27 G x 3/4'' and 30 G x 1/2'' | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003340, 9003630 | |
| Single-use sterile syringe 1 mL | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003016 | |
| Heating plate: Physitemp | Rothacher Medical | TCAT-2LV | |
| Sterile gauze swabs | Henry Schein Animal Health | 220192 | |
| Sterile disposable scalpel (Figur 20) | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9008957 | |
| Surgical/dental drill: Implantmed SI-923 | W&H Dentalwerk Bürmoos GmbH | 16929000 | |
| Handpiece type S-II | W&H Dentalwerk Bürmoos GmbH | 30056000 | |
| Trephine, diameter 4 mm | Hager&Meisinger GmbH | 229040 | |
| Irrigation tubing set 2.2 m | W&H Dentalwerk Bürmoos GmbH | 4363600 | |
| Periosteal elevator 2 mm / 3 mm | Henry Schein Animal Health | 472683 | |
| Non-resorbable suture: Polyester green, DS19, met. 1.5, USP 4/0 75 cm | Henry Schein Animal Health | 300715 | |
| In vitro immune responses | |||
| Anesthesia for euthanasia: Ketamine (Ketamidor), Xylazine (Rompun) | Richter Pharma AG/Bayer HealthCare | ||
| Cell Proliferation ELISA, BrdU (colorimetric) Assay Kit | Sigma-Aldrich | 11647229001 | The kit contains BrdU labeling solution, fixation solution (FixDenat), Anti-BrdU antibody solution, washing buffer and substrate solution. |
| Concanavalin A (ConA) | MP Biomedicals | 150710 | |
| Culture medium splenocytes | RPMI medium + 10% heat-inactivated FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution + 0.1% gentamicin + 0.2% ß-mercaptoethanol + 1% non-essential amino acids | ||
| Ethanol (70% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 93003.1006 | |
| Fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10500064 | |
| Gentamicin | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15750037 | |
| Mouse IL-1β ELISA Ready-SET-Go! | Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 88-7013-88 | |
| Mouse IL-2 ELISA MAX Standard | BioLegend | 431001 | |
| Mouse IL-4 ELISA MAX Standard | BioLegend | 431101 | |
| Mouse INF-γ ELISA MAX Standard | BioLegend | 430801 | |
| Non-essential amino acids solution | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11140050 | |
| Penicillin-streptomycin | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15140122 | |
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer: BD Pharm Lyse | BD Bioscience | 555899 | |
| RPMI 1640 medium, HEPES | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 52400025 | |
| β-Mercaptoethanol | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 31350010 | |
| 50 mL conical tube | Greiner bio-one | 227261 | |
| 96-well tissue culture plate | Greiner bio-one | 655180 | |
| Centrifuge: VWR Mega Star 600R | VWR | ||
| Cell strainer 40 µm | BD Bioscience | 352340 | |
| Infinite M200 Pro microplate reader | Tecan | ||
| Single-use sterile syringe 1 mL | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003016 | |
| Sterile surgical instruments (forceps, glass slides) | |||
| High throughput intraperitoneal model | |||
| Anesthesia: Ketamine (Ketamidor), Xylazine (Rompun) | Richter Pharma AG/Bayer HealthCare | ||
| Cold sterilant: SafeSept Max | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9882765 | |
| Ethanol (70% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 93003.1006 | |
| Eye ointment: VitA POS 5 g | Ursapharm | ||
| Mouse IL-1β ELISA Ready-SET-Go! | Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 88-7013-88 | |
| Mouse IL-2 ELISA MAX Standard | BioLegend | 431001 | |
| Mouse IL-4 ELISA MAX Standard | BioLegend | 431101 | |
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Povidone iodine solution: Braunol 1000 mL | B. Braun | 3864154 | |
| Shandon Rapid-Chrome Kwik-Diff Staining Kit | Thermo Scientific | 9990700 | For differential cell count. |
| Heating plate: Physitemp | Rothacher Medical | TCAT-2LV | |
| Hemocytometer: Neubauer chamber | Carl Roth | PC72.1 | |
| Non-resorbable suture: Ethibond Excel 4-0 | Ethicon | 6683H | |
| Resorbable suture: Polysorb | Covidien | SL-5628 | |
| Shandon centrifuge for cytopsin | Thermo Scientific | ||
| Single-use sterile syringe 1 mL | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003016 | |
| Sterile gauze swabs | Henry Schein Animal Health | 220192 | |
| Sterile needles: Hypodermic needles RW 27 G x 3/4'' and 25 G | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003340, 420939 | |
| Sterile surgical instruments (scalpel, scissors, forceps, needle holder) | |||
| Trypan blue solution 0.4% | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15250061 | |
| Subchronic subcutaneous model | |||
| Anesthesia: Ketamine (Ketamidor), Xylazine (Rompun) | Richter Pharma AG/Bayer HealthCare | ||
| Cold sterilant: SafeSept Max | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9882765 | |
| Ethanol (70% vol/vol) | VWR Chemicals | 93003.1006 | |
| Eye ointment: VitA POS 5 g | Ursapharm | ||
| Phosphate-buffered saline 1x (PBS) pH 7.4 | Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 | |
| Povidone iodine solution: Braunol 1000 mL | B. Braun | 3864154 | |
| Roti-Histofix 4.5% buffered formalin | Carl Roth | 2213.6 | |
| Heating plate: Physitemp | Rothacher Medical | TCAT-2LV | |
| Non-resorbable suture: Ethibond Excel 4-0 | Ethicon | 6683H | |
| Personal protective equipment: surgical gloves, cap and mask, gown | Henry Schein Animal Health | 1045073, 1026614, 9009062, 370406 | |
| Single-use sterile syringe 1 mL | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003016 | |
| Sterile gauze swabs | Henry Schein Animal Health | 220192 | |
| Sterile instruments (scalpel, scissors, forceps, needle holder) | |||
| Sterile needle: Hypodermic needles RW 27 G x 3/4'' | Henry Schein Animal Health | 9003340, 420939 | |
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Citar este artigo
Kampleitner, C., Obi, J., Vassilev, N., Epstein, M. M., Hoffmann, O. Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration. J. Vis. Exp. (141), e58077, doi:10.3791/58077 (2018).