去除砷使用阳离子聚合物凝胶浸渍与氢氧化铁
Summary
在这项工作中,我们制备了一种吸附剂,由阳离子N、N-二甲基氨基丙烯酰胺甲基氯化物四元(DMAPAAQ)聚合物凝胶和氢氧化铁组成,用于从地下水中吸附砷。凝胶是通过一种新方法制备的,旨在确保其结构中铁颗粒的最大含量。
Abstract
在这项工作中,我们制备了一种吸附剂,该凝胶由含有氢氧化铁的阳离子聚合物凝胶组成,其结构旨在从地下水中吸附砷。我们选择的凝胶是N,N-二甲基氨基丙烯酰胺甲基氯化物四元(DMAPAAQ)凝胶。我们制备方法的目的是确保凝胶结构中氢氧化铁的最大含量。这种设计方法使凝胶的聚合物结构和氢氧化铁成分同时吸附,从而提高了材料的吸附能力。为了检查凝胶的性能,我们测量了反应动力学,进行了pH敏感性和选择性分析,监测了砷吸附性能,并进行了再生实验。我们确定凝胶经过化学吸附过程,并在10小时达到平衡。此外,凝胶在中性pH值下有效吸附砷,并在复杂的电环境中选择性地吸附砷,达到1.63 mM/g的最大吸附量。凝胶可再生效率为87.6%,NaCl可用于解吸,而不是有害的NaOH。综合起来,提出的凝胶设计方法是构建高性能砷吸附剂的有效方法。
Introduction
水污染是一个很大的环境问题,促使研究人员开发方法,去除污染物,如砷从废物浪费1。在所有报告的方法中,吸附过程是重金属去除2、3、4、5、6、7等成本相对较低的方法。铁氧氢氧化粉被认为是从水溶液8、9中提取砷的最有效吸附剂之一。然而,这些材料存在许多缺点,包括早期饱和时间和有毒合成前体。此外,当这些吸附剂长时间使用时,对水质有严重的不利影响。需要额外的分离过程,如沉淀或过滤,然后净化受污染的水,这增加了生产成本进一步8,11。
最近,研究人员已经开发出了具有高效吸附特性的聚合物凝胶,如阳离子水凝胶、微凝胶和冷冻凝胶。例如,阳离子冷冻凝胶、聚(3-丙烯酰胺)三甲基氯化铵[p(APTMACl)]12实现了96%的砷去除率。此外,在pH9,约99.7%的去除效率实现了这个阳离子水凝胶13。在pH4,98.72mg/g的最大砷吸附能力是由微凝胶,基于三s(2-氨基乙酰)胺(TAEA)和甘油甘二甘二乙醚(GDE),p(TAEA-Co-GDE)14。虽然这些凝胶表现出良好的吸附性能,但它们未能在中性pH水平下有效地去除水中的砷,并且它们在所有研究环境中的选择性没有报告15。当Fe(III)-Sn(IV)混合二氧化涂层沙在313K和pH值为716时,测量的最大吸附能力为227mg/g。另外,Fe-Zr二氧化二涂层沙(IZBOCS)也用于去除砷,在318 K和pH值达到84.75毫克/克的最大吸附能力。其他报告的吸附剂受吸附性能低、缺乏可回收性、稳定性低、操作和维护成本高以及合成过程中危险化学品的使用等影响。
我们寻求通过开发一种具有改进砷吸附性能、复杂环境中的高选择性、回收能力以及中性pH水平高效活性的材料来解决上述限制。因此,我们开发了N,N-二甲基氨基丙烯酰胺甲基氯化物四元(DMAPAAQ)凝胶和铁(III)氢氧化(FeOOH)颗粒的阳离子凝胶复合物,作为脱砷的吸附剂。我们选择将FeOOH与我们的凝胶相结合,因为FeOOH增加了两种砷18的吸附。在这项研究中,我们的凝胶复合材料被设计成无孔,在制备过程中浸渍了FeOOH。在下一节中,进一步讨论了凝胶制备方法的细节,包括我们最大化FeOOH含量的策略。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
我们开发的方法的主要进步是凝胶复合材料的独特设计策略。我们的凝胶制备方法的目的是最大化凝胶中的铁含量。在准备过程中,我们分别在”发射器解决方案”和”单体解决方案”中添加了 FeCl3和 NaOH。一旦单体溶液与起激反应器溶液混合,FeCl3和 NaOH 之间出现反应,在凝胶内产生 FeOOH。这种现象确保了凝胶复合材料中最大的铁含量。尽管这种方法有其优点,但凝胶在以下条件下不会形成…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究得到了JSPS KAKENHI授权号(26420764,JP17K06892)的支持。此外,日本政府根据”建筑技术研究和发展补贴计划”对这项研究的贡献也得到承认。 我们还感谢森本先生对这项研究的贡献。广岛大学写作中心高级写作顾问阿黛尔·皮特凯斯利女士也因英语更正和建议而得到认可。该研究被选定为2017年第七届国际水与环境技术大会和2018年水与环境技术大会的口头演讲。
Materials
| N,N’-dimethylamino propylacrylamide, methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) (75% in H2O) | KJ Chemicals Corporation, Japan | 150707 | |
| N,N’-Methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) | Sigma-Aldrich, USA | 1002040622 | |
| Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) | Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Japan | 31922-25 | |
| Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) | Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Japan | 31916-15 | |
| Di-sodium hydrogenarsenate heptahydrate(Na2HAsO4.7H20) | Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Japan | 10048-95-0 | |
| Ferric chloride(FeCl3) | Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Japan | 19432-25 | |
| Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) | Kishida Chemicals Corporation, Japan | 000-75165 | |
| Ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) | Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., Japan | 907W2052 | |
| Hydrochloric acid (HCl) | Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., Japan | 18078-01 | |
| Sodium Chloride (NaCl) | Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Japan | 31320-05 |
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