Summary

缺血再灌注损伤中转移性肝肿瘤的模样

Published: August 30, 2019
doi:

Summary

详细描述了临床相关的结肠直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)肿瘤模型以及肝缺血再灌注(I/R)对肿瘤生长和转移的影响。该模型可以帮助更好地了解手术诱导的肝脏转移生长促进机制。

Abstract

肝缺血和再灌注(I/R)损伤是一种常见的临床挑战,仍然是一个不可避免的病理生理学过程,已被证明诱导多个组织和器官损伤。尽管最近取得了进步和治疗方法,但总体发病率仍然不能令人满意,特别是在有潜在宫腔异常的患者中。在恶性肿瘤生长和转移的背景下,手术I/R被怀疑是调节肿瘤复发的促进剂。本文旨在描述一种临床相关的肝I/R和结肠直肠肝转移模型。在此过程中,我们旨在协助其他研究者建立和完善这一模型,为他们的日常研究实践,以更好地了解肝I/R对促进肝转移的影响。

Introduction

肝脏是转移性疾病发展的最常见部位之一。死亡率几乎无一例外地归因于与肝脏肿瘤生长相关的并发症。在肝脏转移性实体肿瘤患者中,手术仍然是疾病控制和可能的治疗方法的关键干预措施。然而,绝大多数患者最终都存在复发性疾病,主要在肝脏2,3。在肝手术中,术中出血很常见,经常需要输血和控制出血的不同技术方法,包括血管夹紧方法。然而,这种措施导致肝缺血/再灌注(I/R)到肝脏组织。I/R对肝细胞功能的不利影响已有详细记载。肝脏I/R侮辱通过炎症途径4恢复血流期间点燃炎症级联。肝I/R损伤不仅导致肝功能衰竭,而且目前的证据还表明,I/R损伤刺激肿瘤细胞粘附,促进转移形成发生率和现有微转移性疾病5的生长。我们以前曾报道过,手术应激诱导免疫细胞的活化,这不仅有助于原发性肿瘤的生长,而且通过捕获循环6中的癌细胞,促进转移。

在这里,我们详细描述了建立肝转移小鼠肿瘤模型的技术。在此模型中,我们还提出了一种诱导肝缺血再灌注损伤的方法,该方法在肝切除术期间临床上对临床上存在的手术应激作用。癌症注射和肝I/R的结合方法可以成功地解释原发性肿瘤切除患者CRLM的发展。

Protocol

所有动物协议均获得机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准,并遵守国家卫生研究院 (NIH) 指南。用于任何外科手术的仪器都经过彻底消毒。 1. 初步准备 在将癌细胞注射到小鼠脾脏之前,高压灭菌和消毒所有在手术过程中使用的仪器。 消毒和/或高压灭菌加热垫、手术手套、纱布、剪刀对、小钳子、血管扩张器、手术钳和针架。 准备术后镇痛药(0.1毫克/?…

Representative Results

使用上述方案,所有野生型(C57BL6)小鼠(n = 20)均接受肝脏转移模型。所有注射的小鼠有或没有缺血性再灌注损伤,直到牺牲日期。癌症注射肝脏的示意图图图图 1A说明了导致部分肝缺血(70%) 的入口三重体(肝动脉、入口静脉和胆管)的夹紧侮辱对中位数和左侧叶。在缺血再灌注损伤后2-3周内,可观察到肝转移次数的增加。注射MC38癌细胞的小鼠被随机分为假和I/R组。<s…

Discussion

本手稿中描述的动物模型基于两种主要方法。第一是识别癌细胞在肝叶中局部化和增殖的能力。二是研究肝缺血再灌注损伤对肿瘤生长和转移的影响。该模型允许在免疫能力小鼠没有继发转移的情况下对肝脏转移进行相关研究。该模型有助于解决转移效率问题,如细胞存活外溢和增殖。

在第一个模型中,首先注射癌细胞,允许微转移性疾病形成。随后,5天后进行肝I/R。该模?…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者感谢萨拉·米内迈尔和亚历山大·科默奇对语言的修正。

Materials

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium Lonza 12-614F
Fetal Bovine Serum Lonza 900-108
L-Glutamin Gibco 25030-081
Penicilin Fisher scientific 15-140-122
Stretomysin Fisher scientific 15-140-122
HEPES Fisher Scientific SH3023701
Trypsin Hyclone sh30042.02
Cell culture Flask 75cm 5 Cells Star 658170
15ml PP Conical Tubes BioExcell 41021037
Trypan Blue Stain Giibco 15250-061
Gauze Fisherbrand 1376152
Cautry Bovie AA01
Microvascular clamp Finescience tools 18055-03
Micro-Serrefine clamp applicator with lock Fine science toosl FST-18056-14
Spring scissor Fine science toosl FST-15021-15
Vessel Dilator Fine science toosl FST-00276-13
Magnetic fixator Retraction system Fine science toosl FST-18200020
Micro-Adson Forceps Fine science toosl FST-11019-12
Micro-Adson Forceps Fine science toosl FST-11018-12
4-0 polypropylene suture Ethicon K881H
Needle holder Harvard Apparatus 72-8826
Heating Pad Fisher scientific 1443915
Clipper Oster 559A
Povidone-Iodine solution Medline MDS093945
Syringe 1ml 25G BD safety Glide 305903
Insulin syringe 0.5 ml BD insulin Syringes 32946
Cotton -Tipped Applicator Fisher Scientific 23-400-101
Surgical Microscope Leica LR92240
Mycoplasma Elisa Kit Roche 11663925910
Ketamine Putney #056344
Xylazine NADA #139-236
ALT strip Heska 15809554
AST strip Heska 15809542
LDH strip Heska 15809607

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Yazdani, H. O., Tohme, S. Murine Model of Metastatic Liver Tumors in the Setting of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J. Vis. Exp. (150), e59748, doi:10.3791/59748 (2019).

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