Summary

肘部运动麻醉的标准化测量方法

Published: October 10, 2020
doi:

Summary

在这里,我们提出了一个标准化的测量肘部无源运动麻醉使用阈值检测被动运动(TDPM),适合研究设置。

Abstract

感知是受控运动的重要组成部分。被动运动检测阈值(TDPM)是一种常用的方法,用于量化运动麻醉的自得性亚模位。已发现 TDPM 范式是有效和可靠的;然而,用于 TDPM 的设备和方法因研究而异。特别是,用于产生四肢被动运动的研究实验室设备通常是由个别实验室设计的,或由于成本高而无法进入。需要一种标准化、有效且可靠的方法,使用现成的设备测量 TDPM。该协议的目的是提供一种标准化的用于测量肘部 TDPM 的标准化方法,该方法经济、易于管理,并且能够产生定量结果,用于基于研究的设置中的测量目的。这种方法在20名没有神经损伤的健康成年人和8名慢性中风成年人身上进行了测试。结果表明,该方法是量化健康成年人肘部TDPM的可靠方法,为有效提供了初步支持。寻求设备可负担性和测量精度之间的平衡的研究人员最有可能发现这种协议的好处。

Introduction

可感知信息是控制人类运动的重要贡献者。治疗性缺陷伴随广泛的神经疾病,如中风1,2,3,4,5,6,,2,3,4,5,6帕金森病7,和感觉神经病变8。骨科损伤,如韧带和肌肉撕裂也已被证明减少自受功能9。通过检测手指或脚,趾位置10、11、12、13、1413的提供者应用的小改变,12临床结果测量中经常测试自理14构造。这种测量结果比较粗糙:”缺席”,”受损”,”正常“12。虽然足以检测严重自得性损伤,但实验室机械测试方法需要精确测量细微的自感性损伤14、15、16。14,15,16

研究人员和临床医生经常将自适应分为子模式进行测量。最常见的自理性亚模式是关节位置感(JPS)和运动麻醉,通常定义为运动感3,16,17。,173,关节位置感通常通过主动匹配任务进行测试,其中个体复制参考关节角度18,19。18,运动麻醉通常使用阈值来测量被动运动(TDPM),参与者的肢体被被动地缓慢移动,参与者指示运动首次检测到的点16、17、19。16,17,19TDPM 的测量通常需要使用专用设备来提供缓慢的被动运动,并表示检测点17

使用 TDPM 方法 9、16、19、20、21、229,16,19在不同的关节,中发现了,有效可靠的结果。然而,TDPM设备和方法存在相当大的差异,对16、17号研究的结果进行比较提出了挑战。实验室经常开发自己的肢体运动和测量设备,或使用昂贵的商业设备和软件16。被动运动速度也各不相同;运动速度已知会影响检测阈值7,16,23。,237,需要一种标准化、易于重复的方法,能够对一系列损伤水平进行 TDPM 定量测量。由于每个关节的解剖学和生理学不同,协议应是关节特定的19。此处概述的协议特定于肘关节。但是,此协议的方法可能有助于为其他关节建立协议。

为了提高传感器运动研究实验室的通用性,提供弯头 TDPM 测试无源运动的首选设备将以经济实惠的价格在商业上提供。为此,选择了弯头连续无源运动 (CPM) 机器(可用速度范围 0.23°/s = 2.83°/s)来产生电动一致的运动。CPM 机器常见于康复医院和医疗用品商店,可以租用或借用,以降低研究成本。其他设备要求包括传感器运动实验室(即电磁计和电图 (EMG) 传感器)和硬件商店(如 PVC 管道、串和胶带)中常见的项目。

测试了两个不同的组,以探索此 TDPM 协议的测量特性:健康成人和慢性中风成人。对于患有慢性中风的成年人,对肺病(即受影响较小)手臂进行了测试。慢性中风成人的动血性肘部的动动感在临床测试中可能看起来正常,但使用定量实验室方法5、15进行评估时受损。此示例说明了开发和使用敏感和精确的躯体感官损伤测量的重要性,并使它成为用于测试目的的有用人群。为了验证此协议,我们使用了已知的组方法24。我们比较了TDPM和另一种运动麻醉的定量测量,简要运动麻醉测试(BKT)。BKT已被证明对中风后25的上肢损伤敏感。本研究使用了基于平板电脑的版本 (tBKT),因为它与 BKT 的测试相同,在平板电脑上进行管理,试验更多。tBKT已被证明是稳定的一个星期的测试重新测试测量和敏感自感知击倒26。假设肘部 TDPM 和 tBKT 结果将相关,因为肘部的传感器运动控制有助于 BKT 性能26

本文的目的是概述一种使用通用设备可重复的弯头DDPM测量标准化方法。提出了有关该方法的可靠性和初始有效性测试的数据,以及对于没有已知病理学的人和那些被推测有轻度躯体感觉损伤的人使用的可行性。

Protocol

圣斯科法斯塔学院的机构审查委员会批准了根据该议定书进行开发和测试的研究。 1. 制作视觉屏幕 将直径为 3×4 英寸(1.9 厘米)的 PVC 管道切割成各种长度:两块 30 英寸(76.2 厘米)件(屏幕底座);两个 8 英寸(20.3 厘米)件(屏幕底座);一块 44 英寸(111.8 厘米)件(垂直屏幕支撑);和一块 32 英寸(81.3 厘米)件(屏幕织物支架)。 将端盖放在每块 30 英寸…

Representative Results

参与者:使用此处介绍的协议,肘部 TDPM 在两组不同个体的学术研究实验室中测量:20 名健康成人和 8 名慢性中风患者。这两组的参与者都是使用传单、电子邮件和口碑从社区招募的。对健康成年人(14名女性,6名男性;平均年龄(SD)=28岁(7.9岁);19名右撇子和1名左撇子)进行了测试,为未受影响的人口产生代表性的结果。纳入标准为:18至85岁;能够遵循在初始会议上通过筛选确?…

Discussion

提出的协议描述了如何使用通用 CPM 机器以标准化方式测量弯头 TDPM 以提供被动运动。在20名健康参与者中,平均肘部TDPM测量结果与之前使用其他TDPM测量,方法,7、19、327平均值相似,并在测试过程中产生了可靠的结果。32慢性中风8名参与者中,平均肺肘的道发性TDPM与先前显示的5,15的健康成年人口有显著差…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者要感谢乔恩·纳尔逊博士为EMG和电感计设备提供技术支持。

Materials

3/4 inch diameter PVC pipe Charlotte Pipe Pipe to be cut into lengths of: 30 inches/76.2 cm (x2); 8 inches/20.3 cm (x2); 44 inches/111.8 cm (x1); 32 inches/81.3 cm (x1).
3/4 inch diameter PVC pipe end caps (x3) Charlotte Pipe
45° PVC elbow (x1) Charlotte Pipe
90° PVC elbows (x2) Charlotte Pipe
Athletic tape 3M
Delsys acquisition software (EMGworks) Delsys
Double-sided tape 3M
Duct tape 3M Used to assist in removal of dead skin cells on participant's skin prior to EMG sensor placement.
Elbow Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machine Artromot Chattanooga Artromot E2 Compact Elbow CPM; Model 2038
Electrogoniometer Biometrics, Ltd
Flour sack dishcloths (x2) Room Essentials Fabric used for creation of visual screen.
Handheld external trigger switch Qualisys Trigger switch used for electrogoniometer event marking.
Hearing occlusion headphones Coby
Isopropyl alcohol Mountain Falls
Paper tape 3M
Ruler with inch markings Westcott
Standard height chair KI
String Quality Park Approximately 15 inches of string needed. String used for standardization of electrogoniometer placement.
Trigno Goniometer Adapter Delsys
Trigno Wireless Electromyography Sensors Delsys
Washable marker Crayola
Washcloth Aramark Used in combination with isopropyl alcohol for cleaning participant's skin prior to EMG sensor placement.

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Watkins, M., Duncanson, E., Gartner, E., Paripovich, S., Taylor, C., Borstad, A. A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia. J. Vis. Exp. (164), e61391, doi:10.3791/61391 (2020).

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