Summary

经口机器人甲状腺全切除术和双侧中央区域淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺状癌

Published: September 15, 2023
doi:

Summary

经口机器人甲状腺全切除术和双侧中央区淋巴结清扫术,使用三个端口,无需腋窝切口,对于早期甲状腺状癌是可行且安全的。在这里,我们介绍了该操作的操作技术。

Abstract

目前,常见的甲状腺手术方法包括常规甲状腺切除术、双侧腋窝-乳腺、腋窝、耳后和口腔前庭入路。从本质上讲,各种甲状腺手术方法只能将传统的手术切口移动到更隐蔽的位置,但仍会在体表留下疤痕。其中,通过口腔前庭入路的甲状腺手术可以通过最短的自然腔获得最佳的美容效果。然而,在早期,通过口腔前庭入路进行的甲状腺手术通常需要在口腔中切开三个切口和一个腋窝切口。我们通过口腔前庭入路将机器人手术系统引入甲状腺切除术,并成功完成了甲状腺全切除术和双侧中央淋巴结清扫术。手术过程中,口腔前庭只做了三个切口,没有腋窝切口。本文旨在介绍独特的三端口口腔前庭机器人甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺状癌患者的方法。

Introduction

甲状腺外科医生使用不同的手术方法(双侧腋窝乳房入路 1 [图 1]、腋窝入路 2 [图2]、耳后入路 3 [ 3] 等)来隐藏手术切口并实现颈部无疤痕甲状腺手术。然而,这些技术都无法完全避免患者皮肤表面的疤痕。在所有方法中,只有口腔前庭入路(图4)可以实现最短的皮瓣分离距离,在整个身体表面不留下疤痕4,5,6近年来,自然口腔内窥镜手术(NOTES)7已被引入口腔甲状腺手术。

通过这种方法进行的甲状腺手术可以通过内窥镜或机器人手术系统完成。与甲状腺手术的内窥镜手术系统相比,该机器人系统具有放大的三维高清视野和可旋转的机械手腕,能够直观地运动,使外科医生在进行令人满意的手术时更加灵活8,9。这项创新技术的好处包括微创解剖和双甲状腺的通道10,11,12。然而,口腔甲状腺切除术通常需要腋窝辅助切口才能完成手术。为了达到最终的美容效果,我们的外科团队深入研究了无腋窝切口的口腔三孔机器人甲状腺切除术治疗早期状甲状腺癌的可行性。

本文介绍了机器人手术系统在完成口腔甲状腺切除术和双侧中央淋巴结清扫术中的应用。此外,成功完成了无腋窝切口和中央区域淋巴结清扫术的三端口机器人甲状腺切除术,证明了这种方法的可行性和安全性。

Protocol

本研究遵循陆军医科大学人类研究伦理委员会的指导方针。研究中提到的所有患者都签署了知情同意书。 1. 术前准备 鼻气管插管成功后,将患者仰卧位,头部和颈部过度伸展。 让眼睛自然闭上。涂抹眼膏,并用适当的眼罩或手术贴覆盖从眉骨顶部到鼻侧的区域,以防止消毒剂、血液和其他液体流入眼睛。 用棉球填充两个外耳道,以防止消…

Representative Results

平均手术时间~253 min(最短时间:205 min,最长时间:300 min),平均失血量~20 mL(最小失血量:10 mL,最大失血量:50 mL)。拔除引流管至引流量降至30mL/d以下,患者术后2-3天出院。 图 12 显示了 4 名患者术后 1 个月的随访图像。图像显示患者身上没有手术疤痕。4例患者的临床资料见 表1。 <img alt="Figure 1" class="x…

Discussion

一些学者报道了经口机器人甲状腺手术。在Kim的一系列TORT研究中,作者在自动化平台上使用了四个机械臂来执行TORT程序。第四只手臂通过经腋窝切口使用,主要用于牵引带带肌肉,并且该通道还用于提取标本并在需要时放置引流管13,14

在这种三端口机器人方法中,一个约8毫米的横切口位于下唇韧带上方,两侧约8毫米长的纵向切…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

重庆市技术创新与应用开发总项目(批准号)CSTC2019jscx-msxmX0196)。

Materials

4-0 absorbable sutures Covidien VLOCM0023 Suture the linea alba cervicalis 
5-0 Polyglactin braided absorbable suture Johnson & Johnson VCP433H Oral mucosa suture
8 mm Cadiere forceps  Intuitive Surgical, Inc LOT N10210823 Clamp tissue
8 mm Harmonic ACE scalpel  Intuitive Surgical, Inc REF 480275 Coagulation, expand operating space
8 mm Maryland bipolar forceps  Intuitive Surgical, Inc LOT K10210830 REF 470172 Expose the recurrent laryngeal nerve
8 mm Monopolar curved scissors Intuitive Surgical, Inc LOT K10211108 REF 470179 Fine capsular anatomy
Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension Injection Chongqing Laimei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd N/A 1 mL/50 mg; used for tracing regional drainage lymph nodes.
Da Vinci Xi Surgical System Intuitive Surgical, Inc Xi Surgical system
Endoscopy surgical specimen setrieval bag Hangzhou Kangji Medical Equipment Co.Ltd. LOT 22021921 REF 104Y.111 Remove specimens from air cavity
Medical pressure garment Foshan qiaoke bio technology Co.Ltd. 20200149 Pressure dressing of the anterior neck area of the mandible

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Zhang, S., Zhang, G., Xu, J., Jiang, Y., Xu, Y. Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J. Vis. Exp. (199), e64631, doi:10.3791/64631 (2023).

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