红景天的现场采集和实验室常规鉴定
1School of Ethnic Medicine,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 3School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Summary
在这里，我们从栖息地、植物形态、药用特性、微观特征和薄层色谱法中描述了红 景天 的鉴定。
Abstract
药材鉴定是药品安全的前提和保障。大多数科研人员必然会青睐简单、快速、有效、廉价的草药鉴定过程。 红景天 是一种生长在高海拔地区的传统藏药，主要分布于中国西藏、云南和四川地区。 红景天 具有抗炎、抗缺氧、抗氧化等多种生物活性，具有很大的发展潜力。随着市场需求的增加和资源含量的迅速减少，大量混淆的 红景天 产品一直困扰着人们。因此，该协议引入了在现场鉴定 红景天 的标准过程，并结合常规实验室测试。生境、微观特征和薄层色谱法的结合，无疑将快速、高效、经济地鉴定 红景 天，为藏医药的不断发展和药材的质量控制做出贡献。
Introduction
草药在中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的应用经验，是神农草药经典1中的第一个系统记录。青蒿素应用于疟疾的发现，推动了草药的发展进入一个新的阶段1。利用现代科学技术揭示草药的确切机理，提高了草药的利用率和需求，为其开辟了新的国际市场2,3,4。然而，这导致了一系列负面影响。非专业人士对草药的特性认识模糊，这使得草药的使用面临巨大的安全风险5。
红景天是红景天属植物之一，主要分布于西藏、云南西北部和四川西部（图1）6,7。红景天含有黑景天、酪醇、没食子酸等化合物，具有“活气促血、清脉、镇静哮喘”等功能，用于治疗缺氧相关疾病8,9,10,11。野外调查表明，在海拔4,000-5,600 m的高山距骨带、沟壑斜坡和岩石缝隙中可以找到红景天。它的生长环境寒冷，阳光充足，辐射强烈，属于高寒草甸生态系统。红景天根据生长地形可分布在层状和点状种群中，通过异花授粉进行基因流动。
红景天属的花粉流产、非法挖掘和生态环境的退化使红景天成为濒危物种6,12。鉴于红景天的高药用价值，预计假冒产品将流入市场。本文介绍了红景天的栖息地和一些方便的实验室鉴定方法。首先，我们观察了红景天的生长环境及其药用特性。其次，通过显微镜观察药粉的微观结构;最后一步是关键点。根据红景天在某种物质中的不同吸附或溶解特性，对红景天的代表性成分进行分离和鉴定。基于DNA的药用植物鉴定或代谢组学分析方法复杂且昂贵13.这些基本、方便、经济的方法可以快速识别红景天。
Protocol
红景天 采集自中国四川省甘孜藏族自治州甘孜县卓达雪山（北纬31.44570°，东经99.96086°，海拔4892米）。这些植物由成都中医药大学民族医学院的张毅教授鉴定为真品。 1. 红景天的收集 拍摄 红景天的栖息地地图。 拍摄红景天的整个植物、叶子、花萼和根茎。 用铁锹清除红 景天 1 m 范围内的杂草和碎石，以?…
Representative Results
该实验方案描述了在田间识别和收集 红景天 。 红景天 倾向于生活在高山距骨带、沟壑斜坡和高海拔的岩石缝隙中。 红景天 的生境、全株、花和叶如 图2所示。 红景天 具有红褐色的根茎（图3A）。药粉的代表性图像如 图3B所示。根据上述实验方案，显微结果可列举如下：1）棕黄色或无色软木细胞，外…
Discussion
世界上有90多种红景天植物，其中60%以上的物种分布在我国，常见的有红景天、红景天、红景天和红景天17。《中国药典》（2020年）第一部分记载的红景天是一种生长在高海拔地区的传统藏药。红景天的市场需求每年都在增加，因此确保正确使用来源是确保安全使用的关键。特别是，从现场拣选到简单快速的实验室常规鉴定的标准化不容忽视。?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
本研究得到了国家自然科学基金（81973569、82274207、82104533）、成都中医药大学星林学者研究推进项目（XKTD2022013）和宁夏市重点研发计划（2023BEG02012）的支持。
Materials
| 0.22 μm millipore filter | Millipore | SLGP033RB | |
| Automatic sampling machine | CAMAG | ATS 4 | |
| Chloral hydrate | Fuzhou Brunei Technology Co., Ltd | ST1002 | |
| Chromatographic sample bottles | Zhejiang ALWSCI Technology Co., Ltd | C0000008 | |
| Conical flask | Sichuan Shubo Co., Ltd | 1121 | |
| Cover glass | Citotest Labware Manufacturing Co., Ltd | 10211818c | |
| Dissecting needle | Shanghai Bingyu Fluid Technology Co., Ltd | BY-5026 | |
| Electronic balance | SHIMADZU | ATX124 | |
| Ethyl acetate | Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd | 2022120901 | |
| Formic acid | Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd | 2021110801 | |
| Gallic acid | Chengdu Herbpurify Co., Ltd | M-017 | |
| Glycerol | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd | 10010618 | |
| High speed crusher | Beijing Zhongxingweiye Instrument Co., Ltd | FW-100 | |
| Methanol | Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd | 20230108 | |
| Microscope | Chongqing Oprec Nistrument Co., Ltd | B203 | |
| Microscope slide | Citotest Labware Manufacturing Co., Ltd | 7105P-G | |
| Oven | Shanghai Yuejin Medical Equipment Co., Ltd | DHG-8145 | |
| Pharmacopoeia sieve | Hangzhou Xingrun sieve factory | 572423281330 | |
| Pipette | Changde BKMAM Biotechnology Co., Ltd | 120302008 | |
| Salidroside | Chengdu Herbpurify Co., Ltd | H-040 | |
| Saturate tank | Yancheng Liegu Technology Co., Ltd | 10*20 P-1 | |
| Silica gel plate | Yantai Jiangyou Silica Gel Development Co., Ltd | HSG20211227 | |
| Trichloromethane | Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd | 20221013-1 | |
| Tweezer | Changde BKMAM Biotechnology Co., Ltd | 130302027 | |
| Tyrosol | Chengdu Herbpurify Co., Ltd | L-042 | |
| Ultrasound equipment | Ningbo Xinyi Ultrasonic Equipment Co., Ltd | SB-8200DTS | |
| Volumetric pipet | Changde BKMAM Biotechnology Co., Ltd | 120301006 |
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Citar este artigo
Wang, J., Xie, N., Li, M., Su, J., Hou, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, X. Field Collection and Laboratory Routine Identification of Rhodiola crenulata. J. Vis. Exp. (200), e65947, doi:10.3791/65947 (2023).