Chapter 2
Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics
![Chemical Reactions](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11691.jpg)
A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A…
![Enthalpy and Heat of Reaction](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11692.jpg)
Combustion, commonly known as burning, is a reaction in which a substance reacts with an oxidizing agent, which in most cases is molecular oxygen, to…
![Entropy and Solvation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11693.jpg)
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of…
![Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11694.jpg)
The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction…
![Rate Law and Reaction Order](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11697.jpg)
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical…
![Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11698.jpg)
The Arrhenius equation,
relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for many chemical reactions.
In this equation, R is the ideal gas…
![Bond Dissociation Energy and Activation Energy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11700.jpg)
Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond homolytically. These values are usually expressed in units of kcal/mol or kJ/mol and are referred…
![Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11701.jpg)
Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction…
![Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/51487_t.png)
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a well-described technique that measures the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction, using it…
![Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/56718_t.png)
Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
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A novel electrochemical cell based on a CaF2 solid-state electrolyte has been developed to measure the electromotive force (emf) of binary alkaline…