Chapter 6
Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
![Alkyl Halides](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11742.jpg)
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine,…
![Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11743.jpg)
Historical perspective
In 1896, the German chemist Paul Walden discovered that he could interconvert pure enantiomeric (+) and (-) malic acids…
![Electrophiles](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11745.jpg)
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic…
![Leaving Groups](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11746.jpg)
The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution…
![S<sub>N</sub>2 Reaction: Kinetics](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11748.jpg)
In a chemical reaction, a relationship exists between the concentration of reactants and the rate at which the reaction proceeds. The study to…
![S<sub>N</sub>2 Reaction: Mechanism](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11749.jpg)
The kinetic studies of SN2 reactions suggest an essential feature of its mechanism: it is a single-step process without intermediates. Here, both the…
![S<sub>N</sub>2 Reaction: Stereochemistry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11751.jpg)
In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As…
![S<sub>N</sub>1 Reaction: Kinetics](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11752.jpg)
In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically…
![S<sub>N</sub>1 Reaction: Stereochemistry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11754.jpg)
This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between…
![Predicting Products: S<sub>N</sub>1 vs. S<sub>N</sub>2](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11755.jpg)
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides can proceed via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism. While in SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the…
![E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11757.jpg)
SN2 substitutions and E2 eliminations of alkyl halides proceed via a concerted pathway. While the nucleophile attacks the alpha carbon in SN2…
![E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11758.jpg)
Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While…
![Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/60050_t.png)
aza-Michael adducts of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron are synthesized by two different methods. Primary aliphatic amines and cyclic secondary amines…
![Improved In-gel Reductive β-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/51840_t.png)
Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis…