Chapter 2
Biochemistry of the Cell
![The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13168.jpg)
Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of…
![Functional Groups](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11465.jpg)
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties…
![Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11496.jpg)
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These…
![Structure of Lipids](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11468.jpg)
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar…
![Chemistry of Carbohydrates](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11469.jpg)
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that…
![Protein and Protein Structure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11472.jpg)
Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules.…
![pH Regulation in Cells](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13178.jpg)
pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the…
![A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/60441_t.png)
Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition…
![Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/59590_t.png)
Cyanobacteria can actively secrete a wide range of biomolecules into the extracellular environment, such as heteropolysaccharides and proteins. The…