Chapter 33
Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules
![Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13389.jpg)
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical…
![Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13390.jpg)
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to…
![Immunofluorescence Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13392.jpg)
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy…
![Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13393.jpg)
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample.…
![Protein Dynamics in Living Cells](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13395.jpg)
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and…
![Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13396.jpg)
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a…
![Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13398.jpg)
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread…
![Overview of Electron Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13399.jpg)
The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes…
![Transmission Electron Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13401.jpg)
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light…
![Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13402.jpg)
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam…
![Sequential Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Zebrafish Embryos](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/59344_t.png)
Sequential Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Zebrafish Embryos
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Investigation of intercellular interactions often requires discrete labeling of specific cell populations and precise protein localization. The…
![Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/55989_t.png)
The determination of the folding process of proteins from their amino acid sequence to their native 3D structure is an important problem in biology.…
![Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/62415_t.png)
Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure
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Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a powerful technique for structure determination of macromolecular complexes, via single particle analysis…