13.11: Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
- • Deep Respiration: Involves full lung expansion and complete exhalation, significantly increasing air intake.
- • Shallow Respiration: Characterized by minimal air passage through the lungs, making it less noticeable.
Specific clinical terms related to respiratory depth include:
- • Apnea: A cessation of breathing that, if sustained beyond 4 to 6 minutes, can lead to brain damage or death.
- • Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing, often rapid and shallow, where the patient may appear anxious. Dyspneic individuals usually find breathing easier when sitting upright, a condition known as orthopnea.
Respiratory Rhythm
Respiratory rhythm refers to the pattern of breathing, encompassing timing, regularity, and effort:
- • Diaphragmatic Breathing: Characterized by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, this type of breathing is often seen in healthy men and children and is best observed by watching abdominal movements.
- • Thoracic Breathing: More common in women, this involves using thoracic muscles and is visible through movements in the upper chest.
Labored respirations may involve the use of accessory muscles in the neck. Signs of obstructed air movement, such as foreign body interference, include:
- • Retraction of Intercostal Spaces: Visible during inspiration when air movement is restricted.
- • Prolonged Exhalation is typical in conditions like COPD or asthma, where there is an obstruction to the outward flow of air.
Conclusion
Assessing the depth and rhythm of a patient's respiration is not just about identifying potential issues early. It's about tailoring interventions accordingly, ensuring that changes in respiratory patterns are promptly addressed. This thorough approach enhances patient care and outcomes and is a testament to your commitment to professional development and patient well-being.
