¹Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ²Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, ³Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ⁴Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ⁵Department of Physics, Graduate School of Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, ⁶TASC Laboratory, IOM-CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, ⁷Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, ⁸Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, ⁹Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

¹Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, ²Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, ³Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ⁴Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology

¹Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ²Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ³Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, ⁴Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, ⁵Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University

¹Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, ²Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ³Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, ⁴Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, ⁵RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)

¹Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, ²Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, ³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology