MALDI Sample Preparation: the Ultra Thin Layer Method
Summary
This video demonstrates the preparation of an ultra-thin matrix/analyte layer for analyzing peptides and proteins by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS).
Abstract
This video demonstrates the preparation of an ultra-thin matrix/analyte layer for analyzing peptides and proteins by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 1,2. The ultra-thin layer method involves the production of a substrate layer of matrix crystals (alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) on the sample plate, which serves as a seeding ground for subsequent crystallization of a matrix/analyte mixture. Advantages of the ultra-thin layer method over other sample deposition approaches (e.g. dried droplet) are that it provides (i) greater tolerance to impurities such as salts and detergents, (ii) better resolution, and (iii) higher spatial uniformity. This method is especially useful for the accurate mass determination of proteins. The protocol was initially developed and optimized for the analysis of membrane proteins and used to successfully analyze ion channels, metabolite transporters, and receptors, containing between 2 and 12 transmembrane domains 2. Since the original publication, it has also shown to be equally useful for the analysis of soluble proteins. Indeed, we have used it for a large number of proteins having a wide range of properties, including those with molecular masses as high as 380 kDa 3. It is currently our method of choice for the molecular mass analysis of all proteins. The described procedure consistently produces high-quality spectra, and it is sensitive, robust, and easy to implement.
Protocol
Materials
It is critical that all reagents are of highest-quality (e.g. HPLC-grade).
Powder-free gloves (latex or nitrile)
Stainless steel or gold MALDI sample plate
Methanol (MeOH)
Water
Kimwipes
α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HCCA)
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (final concentration in 0.1% in H2O)
Acetonitrile (ACN)
Formic acid
Isopropanol
References
- Xiang, F., Beavis, R. C. A Method to Increase Contaminant Tolerance in Protein Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization by the Fabrication of Thin Protein-Doped Polycrystalline Films. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 8, 199-204 (1994).
- Cadene, M., Chait, B. T. A Robust, Detergent-Friendly Method for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Integral Membrane Proteins. Analytical Chemistry. 72, 5655-5658 (2000).
- Hook, P., Mikami, A., Shafer, B., Chait, B. T., Rosenfeld, S. S., Vallee, R. B. Long-range allosteric control of cytoplasmic dynein ATPase activity by the stalk and C-terminal domains. J Biol Chem. 280, 33045-33054 (2005).
