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Medicine

听力:IMAP测试电池的决策意识

Published: October 11, 2010 doi: 10.3791/2139
* These authors contributed equally

Summary

听觉和促进听力技能的认知能力进行深入评估一个测试电池(IMAP)的描述。它是快速管理,有利于儿童和语言混淆。激励生成和协议管理是通过一个软件平台(“国际卫生条例”星),以确保复制过程控制。

Abstract

能够听到的是只对听觉信号所包含的信息范围感的第一步。同样重要的是能力,提取和使用的听觉信号的编码信息。我们参考这些听力技巧(或听觉处理AP)。在这些技能的赤字与延迟的语言和识字发展,虽然有关赤字和这些延误的因果关系的性质是激烈的辩论。

当一个孩子被称为正常的听力和不明原因的困难,在听,或语言或识字发展相关的延迟,以卫生专业人士,他们应该理想地评估与心理声学(AP)测试的组合,适合儿童在使用诊所,连同认知测试来衡量的注意,工作记忆,智商,和语言技能。这种详细的检查,需要相对较短,并在任何适当的合资格的专业技术能力。当前AP的赤字存在测试往往是缺乏建造和在正常人群中的不足验证。他们很少或根本没有提及孩子的表现症状,通常包括一个语言的组成部分。因此,业绩不佳可能反映与语言,而不是与AP的问题。为了协助听方面有困难的儿童进行评估,小儿听力学家需要一个单一的,标准化的儿童适当的测试电池的基础上,使用的语言无刺激。

我们目前是听力研究,以补充目前使用的调查例疑似美联社赤字测试MRC研究所开发的IMAP测试电池。 IMAP评估相关的听觉和认知技能的范围,大约需要一小时才能完成。已在1500年的标准化常听到来自英国各地的儿童,年龄6-11岁。由于其发展,它已成功地用于无论是在英国和美国的大型研究。 IMAP提供分离出从听证会的认知捐款感官的措施。这进一步限制了困惑,由于程序的影响,提出一种有利于儿童的游戏格式的测试。刺激生成,测试协议的管理和控制的测试演示,是介导的“国际卫生条例之星软件平台。这提供了一种标准化方法的应用范围,并确保整个测试人员的复制过程。 “国际卫生条例”- STAR提供一个灵活的,用户可编程的,目前有听力筛查的额外的应用程序的环境,映射人工耳蜗植入电极,学术研究或教学。

Protocol

此协议的目的是在研究人员和临床医生。它简要概括:(一)IMAP(“多中心”国际卫生条例“听觉处理的研究”)测试电池使用非语言的AP考试,主要是基于,(二)引入到电池,以确保成功的因素的信息孩子中心的方法,和(三)指导一步一步来形容6岁或以上的儿童使用的测试程序。

1。 IMAP测试电池

IMAP的电池提供了一个全面的听觉和认知评估,可以在一小时左右管理。它包括一个共10个测试:5个AP考试,非语言材料的基础上,讲话在噪音测试,持续的注意力测试,旨在评估在听觉和视觉的方式,既注意,和四个认知任务,评估阅读,语言短期记忆,工作记忆和非语言智力(NVIQ)。在附录A中提供这些测试的简要说明

在测试过程中,通过舒适,高品质耳机提供听觉刺激(如森海塞尔HD25),孩子通过丰富多彩的,三个按钮盒(图1)响应。 IMAP测试电池是通过“国际卫生条例之星”(“国际卫生条例”听觉反应测试系统)平台的测试。该软件平台包括套房的计划产生刺激,控制AP和认知测试的介绍秩序,并确保测试协议得到遵守。
图1
图1。一个孩子在IMAP测试电池测试的主要特点要注意的是五颜六色的按钮盒,使用耳机,通过声音,电脑屏幕上的儿童友好的图像。

两个“跟踪”是为每个AP考试。的曲目,各有20项试验,其中一项试验是一种刺激(刺激间的时间间隔为400 ms)的序列:两个相同的“标准”的刺激和不同,“目标”刺激。目标刺激的位置是不同的随机序列内,孩子需要来确定的“奇一出”。这就是所谓的三个区间,三个备用被迫选择(3I 3AFC)古怪响应模式(图2)。

图2
图2。在测试频率的歧视审判。插图有三个,即时间间隔,三种色调。两个音调相同(1000赫兹),而第三个是不同的(1500赫兹)。这是目标。

IMAP标准音调为1000赫兹的所有测试。 “目标”音参数取决于AP测试,表1中提供的详细资料。在测试过程中的“目标”的相关参数,根据以前孩子的反应,使用“适应性”,楼梯的方法,其目的是快速收敛估计的阈值(即最低检出差异)是多种多样的。为AP测试步长变化的不同规则的摘要,请参阅表1。

刺激和反应的数据存储电子以后的提取和分析。

测试 轨道规则(步长,楼梯) 目标频率,持续时间;初期表现水平 屏蔽噪音型,中心频率,宽度;水平;期限
向后掩蔽
(MS差距)
1。 15分贝,1式1
2。 10分贝,1式1
3。 5分贝,3下1
线性刻度
1000赫兹,20毫秒(10毫秒余弦匝道);

90 dB声压级
带通滤波器; 1000赫兹,800赫兹,30 dB / Hz的300毫秒
向后掩蔽
(50毫秒差距)
如上所述 1000赫兹,20毫秒(10毫秒余弦坡道)
75分贝SPL
如上所述
同时掩蔽(无缺口) 如上所述 1000赫兹,20毫秒(10毫秒余弦坡道)
95分贝SPL
如上所述
同时掩蔽
(缺口)
如上所述 1000赫兹,20毫秒(10MS余弦匝道)
90 dB声压级
带阻; 1000赫兹,1200赫兹(400赫兹的频谱缺口); 30 dB / Hz的300毫秒
频率鉴别 1。 2δHz,1式1
2。 2δHz1式1
3。 1.41δHz3式1
对数刻度
S = 1000赫兹
T = 1500赫兹(δ= 50%)
200毫秒; 70分贝SPL
不适用
VCV讲话中噪声 1。 10分贝,1式1
2。 5分贝,1式1
3。 3分贝,3下1
T =辅音在VCV例如,AGA
80分贝
ICRA - 5(男,一个喇叭); 60分贝

表1。刺激参数和规则 ; T =目标AP和VCV测试 S =标准适应性。

2。儿童友好的方法

用于内部和外部软件的具体内容,以加强和最大限度地提高孩子的参与的协议。

通信。关键是要建立一个测试仪和孩子之间的良好关系。这包括使用适当的年龄,语言,介绍一系列“游戏玩”而不是“测试,以执行”测试会议,直接对话的孩子(不只是父),并使用适当的儿童友好的肢体语言。每个测试(见附录B),以确保指示是明确和适当的年龄已发展为一个标准化的对话。测试人员还必须检查,孩子已经完全理解的说明。

测试环境。在一个安静的房间里没有听觉或视觉分心,应进行测试。这最大限度地减小了屏蔽背景噪音的影响,并避免混淆,由于孩子的注意力远离测试。理想的情况下,只有儿童和测试应在测试过程中。

熟悉。一个熟悉阶段纳入该协议。它是事先进行测试,包括演示易于识别旁边不可能检测的刺激阈上刺激。这确保了古怪的范式和被迫选择的测试格式是可以理解的。然后,测试人员可以提供进一步的澄清,如果必要的话。熟悉是进一步促进了每个测试开始容易识别靶刺激,让孩子拥有一个成功的即时感。

失误的关注。早在关注的临时失效是由于在轨道的一个不正确的反应可能会导致在一个人为升高的门槛。为了尽量减少这种情况,这条赛道是自动放弃了一个不正确的响应时发生在头两个试验。曲目可以重新启动测试是为特定测试中止之前,最多三次。

尽量减少无聊。美联社的轨道持续时间短(20项试验),每个1.5至2分钟才能完成。听力和认知测试,测试序列内交错,以保持孩子感新奇。最后,“被迫选择”的方法让孩子在他/她自己的步伐。

参与。测试是为乐趣,电脑游戏玩。它们包括对儿童友好的图形,每场比赛的变化。卡通动物或人类角色移动动态与每个刺激呈现和反应(图3)。每个字符和声音,它是由一个弹跳球“的手段使得孩子的注意力。球也表示对孩子何时作出回应。听觉和视觉反馈给每个响应后,有一个指标,显示通过的“游戏”的孩子有多远进展。

图3
图3。从IMAP测试电池的一个屏幕快照显示在程序界面已设计的不同功能,以维护儿童参与。

激励和奖励。虽然在IMAP电池测试演示程序方面是由“国际卫生条例”- STAR控制,这是必要的测试仪也参与整个测试的孩子。这涉及到测试之间的激励提供积极的反馈,以产生一种成功的感觉。卡通贴纸和证书完成测试,并贴可作为奖励,如果必要的测试过程中使用。

会议PROTocol

  1. 为研究而研究,为孩子和家长都适合年龄的信息表发送了之前的测试会话。
  2. 测试人员欢迎的儿童及家长(如果存在),并简要介绍了会发生什么。在研究方面进行测试,告知父母的书面同意的情况下,如果没有得到。也得到孩子的同意。
  3. 一个匿名的参与者ID号进入相应的框的ID屏幕上,这是然后自动追加到测试会话的一部分收集的所有数据文件。
  4. 其中10种可能的伪随机测试序列自动选择,并开始测试。
  5. 测试仪介绍的第一个AP游戏显示孩子和解释测试程序之前,放在孩子的耳机,并开始熟悉测试阶段。这个阶段是自动完成的,当达到预设标准(如积极响应4 / 5的试验)。孩子,然后进入测试阶段。
  6. 测试自动根据计算机控制序列。每个测试之前,测试仪指示适当的儿童,并给出了积极的反馈,并进一步鼓励,并在必要时。
  7. 在完成测试序列,孩子是奖励贴纸和证书。如果存在,家长提供了一个口头总结他们的孩子的结果。这些都是比较年龄儿童发展之间的差异的具体规范。进一步的管理是适当的讨论。

3。代表性的成果

图4提供了两种不同的儿童和表现不佳的例子。在良好的性能(左侧面板),孩子始终标识“奇一出”两个轨道迅速收敛到相同的阈值的强度水平。换句话说,两者之间的轨道内反应是高度一致,以最小的偏差。这样的业绩表明任务的注意力一直维持整个这两项测试。

右侧的面板显示响应轨道,从一个年轻的孩子。很显然,从快速收敛的第一首曲目的门槛,这孩子已经理解的任务。然而,在任务的注意力的变化也是显而易见的(蓝色)的第一和第二(红色)的轨道。在第一首曲目,孩子的响应与合理的一致性,那里的孩子提供了一个错误的继承,最终在一个更高的门槛可能已经比早先的预报轨道的最后四个试验。在第二轨道,孩子无法达到的性能与最低水平的检测,在第一次运行的早期部分。有一个连续6个不正确的反应,导致一个目标的演示水平的逐步提高到约40分贝以上的第一首曲目,。然后按照正确的反应,在试验13左右,和孩子的一系列正确的反应继续进行,直到完成轨道。大轨道间的反应变化,结合第二轨道的轨道内与大差异,建议在关注失效,而不是AP本身的问题。

图4
图4。两个有代表性的图形性能表明即使在程序的影响降到最小,可以得到。左侧面板第一(蓝色)和第二(红色)跟踪的例子是一致的,性能可靠。 (蓝色)的轨道相比,第二轨道(红色),右侧面板注意失误后最初良好的性能提供的证据。

点击这里附录A。
点击这里附录B。

Discussion

相信良好的倾听技能(即AP)的重要讲话,语言和识字1-3等认知技能的进一步发展提供了坚实的基础。然而,有很多争论相关的听力技能的性质,如果他们确实是相关的,必要的,或者足以造成语言识字4困难。部分了解听认知发展中的技能的作用的问题,反映了一个事实,儿童是非常变量在执行征税的能力,并从他们的角度来看,沉闷的AP测试(“心理物理学任务”)。这使得难以分离出来,从中枢听觉处理途径的运作,更根本的变化过程的影响,如无聊,。正如我们在我们的协议的详细,IMAP测试电池进行了精心设计,以尽量减少与测试程序有关的问题所产生的困惑。

在图4中,我们提供的两个孩子上一个落后的掩蔽任务的性能比较。由于IMAP最大限度地减少程序上的困惑,和孩子不能开始测试,直到他们证明他们理解,我们可以在测试的具体因素归咎于这两个孩子的不同表演,为每个孩子的信心。列入配对AP的测试5 IMAP电池和一系列认知测试中,进一步使我们能够探索这种个体差异的原因。我们最近完成了一个英国的人口为基础的研究, 使用 IMAP 5。这表明,在AP上测试的性能如何响应变异性和性能上的窃听,如注意力,认知技能的测试解释大部分的变化。基于人口的研究也为我们提供了性能的标准化措施。这些措施是必要的,以个人绩效评估在门诊。他们目前正在使用中的倾听技能相同和异卵双胞胎的遗传调查研究。后者的研究将使我们能够开发适用于在美国的儿童使用的标准化措施。

虽然目前儿童集中在设计,IMAP可以也可以使用证明成年人,海峡等人,6人从音乐训练,听觉处理能力的发展磨练的认知能力的一个重要贡献。

Disclosures

没有利益冲突的声明。

Acknowledgments

领先的IMAP测试电池和“国际卫生条例”STAR的研究和开发是由英国医学研究理事会(MRC)和从奥迪康基金会的赠款。感谢洛娜哈利迪,萨利后和艾莉森 - 莱利,在工作和宋佳Ratib和测试期间,人口众多,基础研究或听觉处理IMAP测试电池的团队规划阶段提供帮助。 “国际卫生条例”的技术和支持人员提供了宝贵的援助项目 - 尤其是,我们承认,戴维维克多Chilekwa添Folkard,布洛克和约翰钱伯斯的贡献。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
IHR-STAR2 presentation platform
IHR-Runner program for pseudo-random order of presentation of tests
Laptop Processor speed – 2 GigaHz;
RAM – 1 Gigabyte;
Operating system - Windows XP
USB IHR-audio-device to control sound presentation level and spectrum content
Response button box
Headphones Sennheiser HD25-1

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References

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Tags

听觉神经,第44期,听力,加工,听觉心理物理学,临床评估,儿童友好测试
听力:IMAP测试电池的决策意识
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Cite this Article

Barry, J. G., Ferguson, M. A.,More

Barry, J. G., Ferguson, M. A., Moore, D. R. Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery. J. Vis. Exp. (44), e2139, doi:10.3791/2139 (2010).

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  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
  • Research • Medicine
    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
  • Research • Medicine
    Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
  • Research • Medicine
    Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
  • Research • Biology
    A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth
  • Research • Medicine
    Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
  • Research • Medicine
    Learning Modern Laryngeal Surgery in a Dissection Laboratory
  • Research • Medicine
    DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    A Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training Program Targeting Technology Based Everyday Functional Skills
  • Research • Medicine
    Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking
  • Research • Medicine
    A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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