एक Haptic रोबोट की एक 3T fMRI में अनुकूलन
Summary
अनुकूलन और 3T fMRI में एक haptic रोबोट के उपयोग में वर्णित है.
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides excellent functional brain imaging via the BOLD signal 1 with advantages including non-ionizing radiation, millimeter spatial accuracy of anatomical and functional data 2, and nearly real-time analyses 3. Haptic robots provide precise measurement and control of position and force of a cursor in a reasonably confined space. Here we combine these two technologies to allow precision experiments involving motor control with haptic/tactile environment interaction such as reaching or grasping. The basic idea is to attach an 8 foot end effecter supported in the center to the robot 4 allowing the subject to use the robot, but shielding it and keeping it out of the most extreme part of the magnetic field from the fMRI machine (Figure 1).
The Phantom Premium 3.0, 6DoF, high-force robot (SensAble Technologies, Inc.) is an excellent choice for providing force-feedback in virtual reality experiments 5, 6, but it is inherently non-MR safe, introduces significant noise to the sensitive fMRI equipment, and its electric motors may be affected by the fMRI’s strongly varying magnetic field. We have constructed a table and shielding system that allows the robot to be safely introduced into the fMRI environment and limits both the degradation of the fMRI signal by the electrically noisy motors and the degradation of the electric motor performance by the strongly varying magnetic field of the fMRI. With the shield, the signal to noise ratio (SNR: mean signal/noise standard deviation) of the fMRI goes from a baseline of ˜380 to ˜330, and ˜250 without the shielding. The remaining noise appears to be uncorrelated and does not add artifacts to the fMRI of a test sphere (Figure 2). The long, stiff handle allows placement of the robot out of range of the most strongly varying parts of the magnetic field so there is no significant effect of the fMRI on the robot. The effect of the handle on the robot’s kinematics is minimal since it is lightweight (˜2.6 lbs) but extremely stiff 3/4″ graphite and well balanced on the 3DoF joint in the middle. The end result is an fMRI compatible, haptic system with about 1 cubic foot of working space, and, when combined with virtual reality, it allows for a new set of experiments to be performed in the fMRI environment including naturalistic reaching, passive displacement of the limb and haptic perception, adaptation learning in varying force fields, or texture identification 5, 6.
Protocol
Discussion
fMRI संगत रोबोट मोटर नियंत्रण के तंत्रिका विज्ञान में प्रयोग के लिए नई संभावनाओं को खोलता है. सेटअप में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कदम fMRI, जो हम दो चरणों में में कलाकृतियों को रोकने के लिए रोबोट के परिरक्षण है. सबसे प?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
हम तकनीकी सहायता के लिए कुन लू और रोनाल्ड KURZ धन्यवाद देना चाहूंगा. इस काम ONR मूरी पुरस्कार सं द्वारा समर्थित किया गया था: N00014 10-1-0072, NSF अनुदान # SBE – ०५४२०१३ लर्निंग सेंटर, लर्निंग सेंटर की एक NSF विज्ञान, और NIH अनुदान # 2 R01 NS036449-11 के टेम्पोरल गतिशीलता के लिए.
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