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Medicine

Protocolo de Coleta para Pâncreas Humano

Published: May 23, 2012 doi: 10.3791/4039

Summary

Este vídeo demonstra um processo para o processamento de dissecção pâncreas humano em formatos de armazenamento. Orientação anatómica é mantida ao longo das regiões pancreáticas para permitir a definição da composição de ilhotas regional e densidade.

Abstract

Esta dissecção e procedimento de amostragem foi desenvolvido para a Rede de Doadores de Órgãos do pâncreas com Diabetes programa (nPOD) para padronizar a preparação do pâncreas recuperado de doadores de órgãos cadáveres. O pâncreas é dividido em 3 regiões principais (cabeça, corpo, cauda), seguido por seriados transversais ao longo do eixo medial para lateral. Secções alternadas são utilizados para parafina fixo e blocos congelados frescos e amostras remanescentes são picados para encaixe preparações amostra congelada, com ou sem inibidores de RNAse, por DNA, RNA, ou o isolamento de proteínas. O objetivo geral do procedimento de dissecção pâncreas é para provar o pâncreas inteiro, mantendo a orientação anatômica.

Heterogeneidade endócrino célula em termos de composição ilhéu, tamanho e número é relatado para ilhotas humanos em comparação com ilhotas de roedores 1. A maioria dos ilhéus humanos a partir da cabeça do pâncreas, regiões do corpo e da cauda são compostos de insulina containin-g beta-células seguido por proporções inferiores de glucagon contendo ct-células e somatostatina-ô-contendo células. Células pancreáticas polipeptídeo contendo PP e células que contêm grelina epsilon também estão presentes, mas em pequenas quantidades. Em contraste, a região uncinado contém ilhotas que são principalmente compostas por células pancreáticas polipéptido contendo 2 pp. Essas variações regionais ilhotas surgem diferenças de desenvolvimento. O pâncreas desenvolve a partir das gemas pancreáticas ventral e dorsal no estômago e depois da rotação do estômago e do duodeno, os movimentos do lóbulo ventral e os fusíveis com o 3 dorsal. O lóbulo ventral forma a porção posterior da cabeça, incluindo o processo uncinado enquanto o lobo dorsal dá origem ao resto do órgão. Variação de pâncreas Regional também é relatado com a região da cauda com maior densidade de ilhota em comparação com outras regiões e os dorsais lobo derivados componentes submetidos a atrofia seletiva na diabetes tipo 1

Órgãos, tecidos e muitas vezes são recuperadas a partir dos doadores de órgãos e incluir nós pancreáticas linfáticos, baço e gânglios linfáticos não-pancreáticas. Estas amostras são recuperados com os formatos similares às utilizadas para o pâncreas com a adição de isolamento de células criopreservadas. Quando o duodeno proximal está incluído com o pâncreas, mucosa duodenal pode ser recolhida para parafina e congeladas blocos e preparações instantâneas picados congelados.

Protocol

1. Set-up

  1. Cassetes de etiquetas para blocos de parafina manualmente com um lápis, ou automaticamente com uma impressora cassete. Incluir o identificador do doador (CaseID), tipo de amostra, o número de alíquota, e qualquer identificação adicional única (planilha Case, Anexo 1 ).
  2. Rotular moldes Oct como para cassetes com um marcador permanente. Corte retângulos de 5-10 cm de papel alumínio.
  3. Imprima ou manualmente etiqueta com o marcador permanente todos os frascos e tubos. Incluir frascos suficientes para amostras de encaixe picados congelados e tubos com meios RPMI para remessas frescas. Para os frascos de encaixe congelados com RNAlater, adicionar 1 mL de cada RNAlater criotubo.
  4. Placas de Set-up de dissecação em biossegurança capô e bancadas com instrumentos esterilizados dissecação (pinças, bisturis, lâminas, compressas de gaze (4x4)), bem como cassetes e moldes PTU dispostos em ordem de uso.
  5. Preparar um banho de congelação, colocandogelo seco numa caixa de isopor de tamanho médio (10x10 cm) a uma profundidade de pelo menos 3 cm e adicionar isopentano até o gelo seco é completamente coberto.
  6. Opcional: Encha um recipiente pequeno Dewar com nitrogênio líquido.
  7. Se pâncreas é necessário para microscopia electrónica (ME), preparar fixador TAAB pela adição de 1,25 mL de paraformaldeído a 16%, 1,25 mL de glutaraldeído 8%, e 7,5 mL 0,1 M PBS. Preparar fixador Lowicryl por adição de 2,5 mL de 16% de paraformaldeído e 7,5 mL 0,1 M PBS.
  8. Prepare soluções usadas para isolar as células. Para frasco de 500 ml de DMEF (com glutamina), siga técnicas assépticas, acrescentando o seguinte:
    1. Soro fetal de bovino (FBS): adicionar 50 mL, 10% final.
    2. Penicilina / estreptomicina (Pen / Strep, 10.000 U / mL / 10.000 ug / mL de stock) - adicionar 5 ml de caldo de Pen / Strep para RPMI para a concentração final de 100 U / mL / 100ug/mL. Também adicionar 5 ml de uma garrafa de 500 ml de DPBS, quando utilizados para a realização de gânglios linfáticos ou de amostras de baço.

2. Pessoal

Procedimento é perfeitamente realizado com três funcionários no entanto, o procedimento pode ser realizado com um indivíduo bem treinado. Dois indivíduos podem geralmente completar o procedimento em 90 minutos. Duração real depende da quantidade de tecidos recebidos e facilidade de encontrar gânglios pancreáticos. As amostras para isolamentos de células são mantidas a 4 ° C até à conclusão da dissecção tecido, enquanto as amostras de soro são processadas em paralelo.
  • Patologista, assistente de patologia, ou equivalente, um membro do pessoal experiente leva a manipulação de tecidos e executa dissecações principais, incluindo divisão (s) de cabeça do pâncreas e colheita gânglios pancreáticos. Os esforços iniciais são direcionados para pâncreas, seguido de exame de peri-pancreático gordura para os gânglios linfáticos.
  • Técnico de laboratório ou equivalente pessoal-membro treinado em tecido de corte cuja principal responsabilidade é para pesar pâncreas e regiões e tecidos de acabamento para os blocos fixos ou congelada e pressão v congeladoIALS. Recebe duodeno e baço de assistente de patologia e processa esses órgãos, enquanto o assistente de patologia está processando o pâncreas.
  • Membro assistente de laboratório pessoal, que auxilia os outros, incluindo blocos e rotulagem do frasco, por exemplo picagem criotubos e processamento de soro.
  • 3. Dissecação Pancreas

    1. Retire o duodeno eo baço e limpar o pâncreas de gordura estranhos, vasos e nervos com dissecção romba e aguda
    2. Coloque o pâncreas limpos em um tabuleiro de dissecação coberta com toalhas de papel. Mergulhar um aplicador com ponta de algodão com tinta azul e propagação na superfície anterior do pâncreas. Seque o excesso.
    3. Opcional: Mergulhar um novo aplicador de tinta preta e propagação na superfície posterior do pâncreas. Retornar pâncreas a orientação normal com a superfície anterior de frente para patologista.
    4. Corte o pâncreas em 3 regiões: cabeça, corpo e cauda (Figura 1). Corte a junção entre head corpo e, em seguida, dividir o restante em partes iguais do ~ para o corpo e cauda.
    5. Pesar cada região do pâncreas e registro pesos (folha Caso workup ( Apêndice 1 )).
    6. Seção (aprox. 0,5 cm) de cada região do pâncreas em um "pão de forma" transversal forma (Figura 1).
    7. Use as seções de ambas as junções entre as regiões para as amostras moídas. Dependendo do tamanho do pâncreas, uma amostra a partir da região de junção do corpo da cauda-pode ser difícil de obter, caso em que o número de blocos de parafina pode ser reduzida para obter amostras de picadas ou apenas as amostras obtidas do pâncreas região cabeça-corpo pode ser obtida. Criotubos etiqueta de acordo com a cabeça ou o corpo para denotar região proximal na junção.
      1. Picar pedaços e dividir igualmente entre criotubos (≥ 1 grama por frasco). Rapidamente congelar os frascos sem RNALater em nitrogênio líquido ou gelo seco no - suspensão isopentano em seguida, transferir toa -80 ° C congelador.
      2. Manter frascos com RNALater à temperatura ambiente durante 30 minutos para permitir o equilíbrio, remix e rapidamente congelar em azoto líquido ou na suspensão de gelo seco-isopentano, em seguida, transferidos para um congelador -80 ° C.
    8. Remover secções alternadas de parafina e blocos OCT começando com parafina (Figura 1).
    9. Incline-se para todas as seções transversais para a direita.
    10. Coloque ~ 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm em seções as cassetes. Se as secções transversais são muito grandes, cortado em meia (Figura 2b). Cassetes de etiquetas para metade anterior azul como "A" e metade posterior como "B".
    11. Se as peças são ainda muito grande, cortar cada secção perpendicular ao corte anterior (Figura 2c). Cassetes de etiquetas AD no sentido horário. Corte pedaços mais forem necessárias, para caber dentro de cassetes.
    12. Blocos de números em seqüência dentro de região, começando com a parte mais medial.
    13. Para blocos de parafina, a posição cassettes forma que o rótulo é para a esquerda e local do tecido na cassete, mantendo a sua orientação. Tampa da fita estreita e transferência para um recipiente com ~ 500 ml de 10% formalina tamponada neutra (NBF). Inicie a fixação de temporização, quando a cassete último é colocado em fixador.
    14. Para blocos de PTU, despeje uma fina camada de outubro de mídia dentro do molde prelabeled em seguida, colocar o tecido no molde tendo a certeza de manter a orientação e cobrir o tecido com outubro Rapidamente mergulhe os moldes PTU em um gelo seco - suspensão isopentano de ~ 1 minuto. Remover a partir de pasta e local em gelo seco para o armazenamento temporário ou em -80 ° C congelador para armazenamento a longo prazo.
    15. Obter ~ de 0,5 x 0,5 cm fatias a partir da junção cabeça-corpo para microscopia eletrônica (ME). Fatia único lugar do fixador TAAB e outra fatia no fixador Lowicryl. Armazenar os dois tipos de fixador com amostras a 4 ° C durante pelo menos 48 horas e / ou indefinidamente até processamento posterior para EM.

    4. Baço, Linfonodo dissecçãoções e do mucosa duodenal dissecções

    1. Isolar nodos linfáticos pancreáticas (PLN) de gordura e aparar todo o tecido conjuntivo para a cápsula de nó. Coloque no prato estéril de cultura de células contendo DMEF. Dependendo números totais isoladas, dividir PLN em alíquotas para as transferências frescas, isolamentos de células criopreservadas, parafina e / ou blocos OCT e frascos. Picar em pedaços grandes nós não maiores que 0,5 cm.
    2. Picar nós pancreáticas não-linfáticos e no baço em pequenos (aprox. 0,5 cm) cubos. Coloque em fixador, mídia outubro, e ou DMEM para remessas de amostras frescas ou isolamentos de células criopreservadas de acordo com os valores das matérias-primas.
    3. Abra o duodeno e limpe cuidadosamente a mucosa duodenal de muco limpo com uma gaze umedecida. Cortar secções da mucosa para parafina e / ou blocos congelados OCT e amostras moídas para frascos, com e sem RNAlater. Congelar como para outras amostras.

    5. Quebrar blocos OCT no pré-rotulados papel alumínio e colocar blocos de PTU e frascos em caixas para armazenamento a longo prazo a -80 ° C.

    6. Enviar amostras fixas de Processamento de parafina

    1. Fixar tecidos durante 16 horas (intervalo de 20 ± 4 horas), utilizando um processador automático de parafina ou usando temporização manual. Processo para blocos de parafina, usando um processador automático ( Apêndice 2 ).
    2. Incorporar secções na orientação exacta tal como é colocado pelo patologista com o rótulo da cassete para a esquerda. Incorporar a mucosa duodenal com a superfície de corte para baixo para permitir o exame da perpendicular mucosa para a submucosa.

    7. Limpe as áreas de dissecação e desinfectar. Lave instrumentos de dissecção e re-esterilizar. Coloque tecidos remanescentes humanos em fixador de formalina para o armazenamento como resíduos biomédica. Descartar lixo biomédico de acordo com os regulamentos locais dentro de um mês.

    8. Atualizar o sistema de inventário Amostra

    ve_title "> 9. resultados representativos

    Este procedimento irá processar um pâncreas humano intacto com uma amostragem representativa em todo o órgão, incluindo demarcação das três grandes regiões, a saber, cabeça, corpo e cauda dentro de 2 horas. A região uncinado, encontrado na região posterior da cabeça, é incluído na dissecção cabeça. O peso médio de pâncreas de doadores de órgãos sem diabetes foi de 82,4 gramas (52,7 - 139,0 gramas). Pesos pâncreas regionais foram aproximadamente iguais (Figura 3).

    Este procedimento também pode permitir a reconstrução do pâncreas inteiro usando lâminas coradas de parafina seqüencial e blocos PTU. Vários formatos são viáveis ​​permitindo a máxima utilização de tecnologias atuais e futuras. A planilha caso atual nPOD é fornecido ( Anexo 1 ) que é utilizado para documentar as amostras recuperadas e proc subseqüenteessing por tipos de alíquotas e quantidades.

    A Figura 1
    Figura 1. Esquema geral do processo. O pâncreas inteiro é processado, mantendo orientações anatômicas. A região da cabeça é mais longo do eixo superior-inferior devido à presença do lobo pancreático ventral na região posterior, que inclui a região uncinado. Área hachurada nos cruzamentos denotar regiões usadas para amostras moídas em criotubos. P, parafina, O, outubro

    A Figura 2
    Figura 2. Esquema de letras para as secções de pâncreas. Fatias transversais do pâncreas pode ser dividido em metades ou quartos e letras no sentido horário.

    A Figura 3
    Figura 3. Pesos de pâncreas de doadores de órgãos sem diabetes. Ospâncreas intacta de doadores adultos (> 17 anos) foi pesado, em seguida, dividido em regiões e pesos regionais obtidos. Os dados são médias ± SEM (n = 15).

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    Discussion

    O objectivo deste procedimento é definir um processamento pâncreas padrão que pode ser harmonizadas entre os locais de recolha múltiplas e, assim, permitir a comparação dos resultados obtidos por diferentes grupos. O método de dissecção é baseada no padrão cirúrgicos práticas patologia com passos adicionais para anotação das regiões mais importantes do pâncreas seguido por intra-regionais subdivisões. Padronização de métodos de processamento biospecimen é necessário para facilitar a recolha de amostras de alta qualidade, exemplificados pela publicação das melhores práticas para a recolha de biospecimen de organizações nacionais de actividades dos biobancos, como o Instituto Nacional do Câncer 6. O BioBanking das amostras de pâncreas humanos a partir de dadores que representam várias fases de diabetes e as populações de controlo adequados tem sido relatada 7-9. No entanto, os detalhes exatos para as amostras coletadas a partir da região da cabeça do pâncreas têm faltado. Heterogeneidade ilhota considerável inter-individual é bem conhecido with até 5-dobragem variações na distribuição de tamanho das ilhotas de modo que a anotação da região pancreática é necessária quando se analisam heterogeneidade inerente 10. Processamento de amostras de pâncreas em formatos padronizados ajudarão a resolver os fatores individuais do paciente para que outros fatores subjacentes da doença-chave pode ser melhor resolvido.

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    Disclosures

    Não há conflitos de interesse declarados.

    Acknowledgments

    Os autores agradecem as famílias dos doadores e as Organizações de Procura de Órgãos envolvidos na pesquisa e Martino Maria e Irina Kusmartseva para a sua assistência especializada. Este trabalho foi financiado pela Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (MC-T., MA), em apoio da Rede de Doadores de Órgãos do pâncreas com Diabetes.

    Materials

    Name Company Catalog Number Comments
    Dissection instruments including scalpels with 22 blades Various Various
    Centrifuge tubes (15 and 50 ml) Fisher Scientific 05-539-5, 430828 Sterile
    Cryotubes(1.8 ml) VWR North America 89004-300 Sterile, bar codes optional
    RNAlater Ambion AM7021
    Surgical Pathology Ink
    Cassettes Mercedes Medical CAS ECO109
    10% Neutral Buffered Formalin Fisher Scientific 23-245-685
    OCT Freezing Media TissueTek 4583
    Molds Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. 58952 Various sizes
    Isopentane Fisher Scientific O3551-4 OCT chilling bath
    Dry ice OCT chilling bath
    Liquid nitrogen in Dewar flask Snap freezing cryovials
    Cell culture dish (100mm) Corning 430167 Sterile
    Hyclone DMEF Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. SH30023.01 Sterile, store refrigerated, glutamine included
    Fetal Bovine Serum Cellgro 35-010-CV Sterile, store frozen aliquots
    Penicillin/Streptomycin/Antifungal GIBCO, by Life Technologies 15240-062 Sterile, store frozen aliquots
    Type 9 Paraffin Richard-Allan Scientific 8337
    1X D-PBS GIBCO, by Life Technologies 14190-144 Sterile
    16% Paraformaldehyde Electron Microscopy Sciences 15710 Make fresh, store refrigerated
    8% Glutaraldehyde Electron Microscopy Sciences 16019 Make fresh, store refrigerated
    Biosafety Level 2 hood Various
    Ultra-low freezer Various
    Sakura Cassette Printer Sakura Finetek
    Sakura VIP300 Sakura Finetek Automatic paraffin processor
    Paraffin Embedding Station Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
    Table 1. Specific reagents and equipment.

    DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

    References

    1. Brissova, M. Assessment of human pancreatic islet architecture and composition by laser scanning confocal microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 53, 1087-1097 (2005).
    2. Rahier, J. The pancreatic polypeptide cells in the human pancreas: the effects of age and diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 56, 441-444 (1983).
    3. Uchida, T., Takada, T., Ammori, B. J., Suda, K., Takahashi, T. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the ventral and dorsal pancreas: a new insight into anatomy and embryonic development. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 6, 176-180 (1999).
    4. Wittingen, J., Frey, C. F. Islet concentration in the head, body, tail and uncinate process of the pancreas. Ann. Surg. 179, 412-414 (1974).
    5. Rahier, J., Goebbels, R., Henquin, J. Cellular composition of the human diabetic pancreas. Diabetologia. 24, 366-371 (1983).
    6. Vaught, J. An NCI perspective on creating sustainable biospecimen resources. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 42, 1-7 (2011).
    7. Gianani, R. Initial results of screening of nondiabetic organ donors for expression of islet autoantibodies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 1855-1861 (2006).
    8. Tauriainen, S., Salmela, K., Rantala, I., Knip, M., Hyöty, H. Collecting high-quality pancreatic tissue for experimental study from organ donors with signs of β-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 26, 585-592 (2010).
    9. In't Veld, P. Screening for insulitis in adult autoantibody-positive organ donors. Diabetes. 56, 2400-2404 (2007).
    10. Töns, H. A., Terpstra, O. T., Bouwman, E. Heterogeneity of human pancreata in perspective of the isolation of the islets of langerhans. Transplant Proc. 40, 367-369 (2008).

    Tags

    Emissão de Medicina 63 Fisiologia pâncreas doador de órgãos células endócrinas insulina células-beta ilhota diabetes tipo 1 diabetes tipo 2
    Protocolo de Coleta para Pâncreas Humano
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    PDF DOI DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

    Cite this Article

    Campbell-Thompson, M. L.,More

    Campbell-Thompson, M. L., Montgomery, E. L., Foss, R. M., Kolheffer, K. M., Phipps, G., Schneider, L., Atkinson, M. A. Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas. J. Vis. Exp. (63), e4039, doi:10.3791/4039 (2012).

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    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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