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Medicine

手术伤口伤口渗出液生化调解员在收集和测量

Published: October 20, 2012 doi: 10.3791/50133

Summary

本文提供了一个详细和视觉的描述的生化在剖宫产手术伤口部位的炎症和疼痛介质收集和测量方法的。已被用于这种人类生物测定,以确定伤口和血清中的细胞因子的浓度和伤口的细胞因子,趋化因子和神经肽的药物介导的变化之间的相关性。

Abstract

我们描述了一种方法,使我们能够收集并测量生化在手术伤口部位的炎症和疼痛介质。收集站点特定的生化标志物,重要的是要理解之间的关系血清及手术伤口的水平,确定任何介质的释放,疼痛,止痛药使用和其他成果之间的关联,并评估全身和周边药品监督管理局对手术伤口的效果生物化学。这种方法已被应用于健康与脊髓麻醉的择期行剖宫产的妇女。我们测量在相同的时间间隔为病人的疼痛评分和止痛剂的消费量高达48小时后剖宫产的伤口渗出液和血清介质。使用这种方法,我们已经能够检测各种生化介质,包括神经生长因子(NGF),前列腺素E2(PG-E2),P物质,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-7, IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,IL-13,IL-17,TNFα,INFγ,G-CSF,GM-CSF,MCP-1和MIP-1β。应用此人的手术伤口生物测定的研究都没有发现之间的相关性伤口和血清细胞因子或释放(J疼痛,2008,9(7):650-7)。我们也记录了实用的技术,识别药物介导,伤口细胞因子含量(2010年麻醉; 111:1452-9)。

Introduction

手术切口后,居住和迁移炎症细胞释放的亲和抗炎性细胞因子,前列腺素,神经肽和趋化因子是重要的起始和维持疼痛。3,4收集站点特定的生化标志物的能力是至关重要的决定血清及手术伤口的水平之间的关系,了解介质的释放和手术的痛苦之间的复杂关系,并能够手术伤口生物化学的效果进行评估的全身和周边药品监督管理局。研究都集中在全身的生化介质的测量,并没有考虑特定地点的释放。5,6血清细胞因子和趋化因子的测量结果可能并不能反映局部手术伤口的生化事件,只能说明一个全球性的全身反应,手术损伤。本文提供了一个详细的和独特的视觉描述,这种方法是杉木ST在2008年引用的疼痛期刊。此朱庇特的文章的目的是提供一个独特的视觉效果的描述方法。

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Protocol

1。研究协议

  • 获得机构审查委员会的批准,并签署知情同意书。
  • 选择适当的手术人群研究的行为。这种方法只适用于剖宫产的伤口,但大多数外科伤口将是适当的。
  • 考虑您的参与研究的纳入和排除标准。病人和外科伤口感染率高的程序,可能不适合。
  • 规范麻醉及术后管理,对所有患者,以避免潜在的混杂因素。

2。伤害性刺激和炎症的生化调解收藏

  • 到皮下组织层,将ON-Q SilverSoaker(I-流,森林湖,CA)的ON-Q PainBuster的前伤口愈合的其他组织层(可以考虑)。 ON-Q PainBuster疼痛救助制度不断提供生理盐水2毫升/小时的速度。载体可以是梳状独立非执行董事或作为局部麻醉剂和非甾体类消炎药等药物。
  • 进入这个系统包括一个标准的三通阀,允许愿望,伤口渗出液中,在指定的时间点。连续输注凝血防止导管,并提高了系统的可靠性,以产生渗出液样品。如果渗出物的愿望是困难的(约5%的情况下),轻轻推上面的伤口,改变对象的位置( 例如 ,坐或卧的病人他们平),用0.5-1毫升生理盐水冲洗,或者撤销导管1-2厘米。
  • 在协议规定的时间点( 例如 ,1,4,6,24,和48小时后,剖宫产),吸撤出伤口渗出液1毫升。渗出液转移到含有30μl的蛋白酶抑制剂的聚乙烯杯中。我们的目的,我们使用完整的蛋白酶抑制剂(罗氏生物科学,帕洛阿尔托,加利福尼亚州)。
  • 收集在1小时内,把样品在冰和离心机以3,000 rpm离心10分钟。
  • 删除血清和伤口的上清液和地方在一个标准的离心管中,储存在-20°C

3。含量分析

  • 一旦所有的研究渗出液和血清样品的收集和存储,解冻和分析的样品在相同的时间。
  • 我们测量了使用多重免疫细胞因子和趋化因子。多重免疫检测技术,使我们能够分析物分析众多小体积样品(50微升)。复用产生的结果与那些获得与ELISA。我们已经使用了17复杂生物PlexTM的系统(BioRad公司,Herc并且ULES,CA)为我们分析。此测定是能够测量的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα),干扰素α(INFα),白细胞介素1β(IL-1β),白细胞介素2(IL-2),白细胞介素4(IL-4),白细胞介素5(IL-5。 ),白细胞介素6(IL-6),白细胞介素7(IL-7),白细胞介素8(IL-8),白细胞介素(IL-10),白细胞介素12(IL-12),白细胞介素13(IL-13),白细胞介素17(IL-17),粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF),粒细胞 - 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1(MIP-1β)。神经生长因子与NGF DY256抗体测定用的Bio-Plex的胺偶联试剂盒,通过将其添加到17复杂的板。
  • 为了保证良好的质量分析,每次测量应一式两份。每个分析物的标准曲线所产生的使用由制造商提供的参考分析物(浓度为0.20,0.78,3.13,12.5,50,200,800,3200皮克/毫升加零标准生理盐水)。标准曲线包括在每次运行中,样品浓度的计算生物-Plex的Manager软件。
  • P物质和前列腺素E2的测定采用高灵敏度ELISA试剂盒。我们已经使用含量设计公司(密歇根州Ann Arbor)这一分析。下进行分析,一式两份,根据制造商的说明书。

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Representative Results

使用这种方法,我们已经能够检测到所有的生化介质上面概述与伤口渗出液和血浆中的IL-5的异常。1,2一些额外的血浆中未检测到细胞因子(IL-4,IL-17,TNFα,INFγ的,GM-CSF)的时间过程中测量的细胞因子和趋化因子的研究报道是一致的,达到了高原的前几个小时内,持续24小时的观察期内1,2然而,NGF稳步增长24小时采集周期,而PGE2在1小时内达到高峰,然后逐步下降。特别值得一提的结果是显 ​​着降低的IL-10水平和P物质水平的提高,伤口灌输与局部麻醉剂布比卡因,兼容整体亲抗炎作用的药物( 图1)。在不同的研究中,我们表明,剖宫产术后的镇痛药的消耗量涂装手术呈负相关,与伤口渗出液中IL-6,IL-1β,和G-CSF的浓度( 图2)。

图1
图1。白细胞介素10(IL-10)和P物质的伤口渗出物水平水平(皮克/毫升)测量1,3,5,7,和24小时后,剖腹产手术。生理盐水组的灰色钻石,布比卡因组,用黑色方块。 *显着性差异(P <0.005)。

图2
图2。白细胞介素6(皮克/毫升)和吗啡用量在第一个24小时后,剖宫产的相关性。

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Discussion

上文所述的方法,被认为是敏感,可以探测生化伤口渗出液中的炎症和疼痛介质。在不同时间点的采样也让我们能够观察到这些介质的变化。1,2随着时间的推移,我们不知道任何其他人的手术伤口分析,可以连续测量手术伤口渗出液中的炎症和疼痛介质的释放曲线。从我们的方法从手术切口部位的伤口渗出液收集的结果是不同研究利用水渠从髋关节,7,8这表明,皮下伤口关节内或其他体腔生化介质的释放介质的释放可能会有所不同。此外,在水渠的结果可能会被混淆到伤口失血,因此,他们可能无法准确地反映当地的生化介质的释放。

之间的相关性较差确定特定地点的释放,在研究手术伤口时,伤口和血清演示的重要性。本地更改可能不会反映系统的原因是多方面的,包括在手术创伤和压力的差全身和局部的生产。虽然我们已经选择测量的特定选择的亲和抗炎性细胞因子和趋化因子,以及NGF,SP和PG-E2从剖腹产伤口渗出液,1,2,这方法可以应用到其他的手术模型和许多其他生化介质。

手术伤口的局部麻醉剂滴入改善术后疼痛是一种常用的技术,应用的方法,我们已经能够证明,手术伤口的局部麻醉剂滴入不影响伤口的生物化学。2下降,IL-10和P物质增加布比卡因灌注伤口渗出液中建议中断Øf,消炎的调制。外周静脉给药的局部麻醉剂,从而影响炎症过程,10,11可能的部分原因引起的关节软骨溶解在局部麻醉后手术。

ON-Q PainBuster疼痛的救济制度是美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的设备自1998年以来,用于交付的局部麻醉剂的手术伤口部位,以减轻疼痛,手术后。连续伤口灌注利用这一点,其他的导管会增加伤口感染。9,13 ON-Q PainBuster ON-Q SilverSoaker注入药物,而不是反复品尝伤口渗出液中。虽然我们有没有伤口感染,用这种方法,我们强调无菌技术,从伤口渗出液中,一边品尝这个系统。我们所提出的修改,以方便取样应保留用于研究目的,而不是常规的临床ü本身。我们还建议,导管保持在原位的时间被限制在48-72小时。

这种手术部位的生物测定技术提供了一个很好的模型,以了解在手术后的炎症和疼痛的生化介质之间的关系。本地管理的非甾体类抗炎药和阿片类药物的研究,我们将在今后的研究中使用的方法。技术本身也可能有助于伤口愈合,过手术疤痕和伤口感染的调查研究。

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Disclosures

没有利益冲突的声明。

Acknowledgments

卡瓦略医生的工作是对妇女的健康和国立儿童健康和人类发展的美国国立卫生研究院(5K12 HD043452)研究办公室的研究经费支持。焦虑医生收到I-流量(加利福尼亚州Lake Forest)的电源(ON-Q PainBuster术后疼痛缓解系统)和资金的生化检测。

References

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  2. Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, D. C., Angst, M. S. Continuous subcutaneous instillation of bupivacaine compared to saline reduces interleukin 10 and increases substance P in surgical wounds after cesarean delivery. Anesth. Analg. 111, 1452-1459 (2010).
  3. Verri, W. A., Cunha, T. M., Parada, C. A., Poole, S., Cunha, F. Q., Ferreira, S. H. Hypernociceptive role of cytokines and chemokines: targets for analgesic drug development. Pharmacol. Ther. 112, 116-138 (2006).
  4. Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F. Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain. J. Intern. Med. 257, 139-155 (2005).
  5. Beilin, B., Bessler, H., Mayburd, E., Smirnov, G., Dekel, A., Yardeni, I., Shavit, Y. Effects of preemptive analgesia on pain and cytokine production in the postoperative period. Anesthesiology. 98, 151-155 (2003).
  6. Wu, C. T., Jao, S. W., Borel, C. O., Yeh, C. C., Li, C. Y., Lu, C. H., Wong, C. S. The effect of epidural clonidine on perioperative cytokine response, postoperative pain, and bowel function in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Anesth. Analg. 99, 502-509 (2004).
  7. Buvanendran, A., Kroin, J. S., Berger, R. A., Hallab, N. J., Saha, C., Negrescu, C., Moric, M., Caicedo, M. S., Tuman, K. J. Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in humans. Anesthesiology. 104, 403-410 (2006).
  8. Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Sundqvist, K. G., Soop, A., Suontaka, A. M., Blomback, M. Local vs. systemic immune and haemostatic response to hip arthroplasty. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 15, 260-270 (1998).
  9. Liu, S. S., Richman, J. M., Thirlby, R. C., Wu, C. L. Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 203, 914-932 (2006).
  10. Eriksson, A. S., Sinclair, R., Cassuto, J., Thomsen, P. Influence of lidocaine on leukocyte function in the surgical wound. Anesthesiology. 77, 74-78 (1992).
  11. Clark, J. D., Shi, X., Li, X., Qiao, Y., Liang, D., Angst, M. S., Yeomans, D. C. Morphine reduces local cytokine expression and neutrophil infiltration after incision. Mol. Pain. 3, 28 (2007).
  12. Webb, S. T., Ghosh, S. Intra-articular bupivacaine: potentially chondrotoxic. Br. J. Anaesth. 102, 439-441 (2009).
  13. Scott, N. B. Wound infiltration for surgery. Anaesthesia. 65, Suppl . 1. 67 (2010).

Tags

医药,68,生物化学,解剖学,生理学,细胞因子,剖腹产,伤口愈合,创伤和损伤,外科手术,手术,手术伤口,渗出,细胞因子,白细胞介素10,P物质,神经生长因子,白细胞介素6,前列腺素E2 ,剖腹产,镇痛
手术伤口伤口渗出液生化调解员在收集和测量
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Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, More

Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, D., Angst, M. S. Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds. J. Vis. Exp. (68), e50133, doi:10.3791/50133 (2012).

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    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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