Waiting
Login processing...

Trial ends in Request Full Access Tell Your Colleague About Jove
Click here for the English version

Medicine

Het verzamelen van en het meten van wondexsudaat Biochemische Mediators In chirurgische wonden

Published: October 20, 2012 doi: 10.3791/50133

Summary

Dit artikel geeft een gedetailleerde en visuele beschrijving van een methodologie voor het verzamelen en meten van biochemische inflammatoire en nociceptieve bemiddelaars op de chirurgische wond na keizersnede. Deze menselijke bioassay werd gebruikt om correlaties tussen wond en serum cytokine concentraties en drug-gemedieerde veranderingen in wond cytokines, chemokines en neuropeptiden bepalen.

Abstract

We beschrijven een methode waarmee we kunnen verzamelen en biochemische inflammatoire mediatoren en nociceptieve meten op de chirurgische wond. Het verzamelen van site-specifieke biochemische markers belangrijk om te begrijpen van de relatie tussen niveaus in serum en chirurgische wond vast die associaties tussen mediatorafgifte, pijn, pijnstillend gebruik en andere uitkomsten van belang, en evalueren van het effect van systemische en perifere toediening van het geneesmiddel op chirurgische wonden biochemie. Deze methodologie is toegepast op gezonde vrouwen die een electieve keizersnede met spinale anesthesie. We hebben gemeten wondexsudaat en serum mediators op dezelfde tijdsintervallen als pijnpatiënt scores en analgetica verbruik tot 48 uur na keizersnede. Met deze methode hebben we verschillende biochemische mediatoren waaronder nerve growth factor (NGF), prostaglandine E2 (PG-E2) substance P, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7 detecteren, IL-8,IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, TNFa, INFγ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1 en MIP-1β. Studies van dit menselijk wond bioassay hebben geen correlaties tussen wond en serum cytokine concentraties of de time-afgifteprofiel (J Pain 2008;. 9 (7) :650-7) 1 wij gedocumenteerd de bruikbaarheid van de techniek te identificeren. drug-gemedieerde veranderingen in de wond cytokine-inhoud (Anesth Analg 2010; 111:1452-9). 2

Introduction

Na een chirurgische incisie, verblijvende en migrerende ontstekingscellen vrij pro-en anti-inflammatoire cytokines, prostanoïden, neuropeptiden en chemokines die belangrijk zijn voor het initiëren en onderhouden pijn. 3,4 De mogelijkheid om site-specifieke biochemische markers verzamelen is essentieel voor het bepalen tussen niveaus in serum en chirurgische wond begrijpen complexe relatie tussen mediatorafgifte en chirurgische pijn en kunnen het effect van zowel systemische als perifere toediening evalueren operatiewond biochemie. Studies gericht op systemische metingen van biochemische mediators en niet als plaats-specifieke afgifte. 5,6 Serum metingen van cytokines en chemokines hoeft niet representatief voor lokale operatiewond biochemische gebeurtenissen en slechts dan een globale systemische reactie op chirurgische letsel. Dit artikel geeft een gedetailleerde en unieke visuele beschrijving van deze methodiek dat was sparst waarnaar verwezen wordt in 2008 in de Journal of Pain. 1 Het doel van deze Jove artikel is om een unieke en visueel verbeterde beschrijving van de methoden.

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Protocol

1. Studie protocol

  • Verkrijgen van Institutional Review Board goedkeuring en schriftelijke informed consent.
  • Selecteer een geschikte chirurgische populatie voor onderzoek uit te voeren. Deze methodologie is alleen van toepassing op keizersnede wonden, maar de meeste chirurgische wonden passend zou zijn.
  • Overweeg in-en exclusiecriteria voor uw deelname aan het onderzoek. Patiënten en procedures met hoge tarieven van chirurgische wondinfectie wellicht niet geschikt.
  • Standaardiseren anesthesie en postoperatieve behandeling voor alle patiënten om potentiële confounders te voorkomen.

2. Nociceptieve en inflammatoire Biochemische Middelaar Collection

  • Plaats de ON-Q PainBuster met ON-Q SilverSoaker (I-Flow, Lake Forest, CA) in de onderhuidse laag vlak voor sluiting (andere weefsellagen kan worden beschouwd) gewikkeld. De ON-Q PainBuster Pain Relief System levert continu fysiologisch zout met een snelheid van 2 ml / uur. De drager kan kamINED met of tegen drugs van belang, zoals een lokaal anestheticum en niet-steroïdale anti-inflammatoire middelen.
  • Voorzien van een standaard driewegkraan in dit systeem om aspiratie van wondvocht kan op bepaalde tijdstippen. De continue infusie catheter voorkomt stolling en verbetert de betrouwbaarheid van het systeem om exsudaat monsters. Als aspiratie van exsudaat is moeilijk (ongeveer 5% van de gevallen), kunt u overwegen te duwen zachtjes boven de wond, het veranderen van het onderwerp positie (bijvoorbeeld, zitten de patiënt omhoog of liggend ze plat), met behulp van een 0,5-1 ml normale fysiologische zoutoplossing spoelen of intrekking van de katheter 1-2 cm.
  • Op tijdstippen bepaald door het protocol (bijvoorbeeld, 1, 4, 6, 24, en 48 uur na de keizersnede), zuigen en trekken 1 ml wondvocht. Breng het exsudaat in een polyethyleen cup met 30 ul proteinase inhibitor. We hebben gebruikt Compleet Proteinase Inhibitor (Roche Bioscience, Palo Alto, CA) voor onze doeleinden.
  • Binnen 1 uur van het verzamelen, zet monsters op ijs en gecentrifugeerd bij 3000 rpm gedurende 10 minuten.
  • Verwijder serum en wond bovenstaande vloeistof en doe dit in een standaard microcentrifugebuis en bewaar bij -20 ° C.

3. Assay Analyse

  • Zodra alle studie exsudaat en serummonsters worden verzameld en opgeslagen, ontdooien en analyse van deze monsters tegelijk.
  • We hebben gemeten cytokines en chemokines met een multiplex immunoassay. De multiplex immuno-assay techniek laat ons toe assay vele analyten van kleine (50 pl) volumemonsters. De multiplex produceren resultaten vergelijkbaar met deze van ELISA. We hebben de 17-plex Bio-PlexTM systeem (BioRad, Hercules, CA) voor de analyse. Deze test kan meten tumor necrosis factor α (TNFa), interferon α (INFα), interleukine 1β (IL-1β), interleukine 2 (IL-2), interleukine-4 (IL-4), interleukine 5 (IL-5 ), interleukine 6 (IL-6), interleukine 7 (IL-7), interleukine 8 (IL-8), interleukine (IL-10), interleukine 12 (IL-12), interleukine 13 (IL-13), interleukine 17 (IL-17), granulocyt kolonie stimulerende factor (G-CSF), granulocyt-macrofaag kolonie stimulerende factor (GM-CSF), monocyt chemoattractant eiwit 1 (MCP-1) en macrofaag ontstekingsproteïne 1 (MIP-1β). Nerve growth factor werd gemeten met NGF DY256 antilichaam toe te voegen aan de 17-plex plaat met de Bio-Plex amine koppeling kit.
  • Om een ​​goede analyse van de kwaliteit te garanderen, moeten elke meting worden uitgevoerd in tweevoud. Standaardcurven voor elk analyt zijn gegenereerd met verwijzing analyten door de fabrikant (bij concentraties van 0,20, 0,78, 3,13, 12,5, 50, 200, 800, 3.200 pg / ml pluseen nul standaard voor de fysiologische zoutoplossing). Standaard curven worden opgenomen in elke run en concentraties in het monster worden berekend met Bio-Plex Manager-software.
  • Substance P en prostaglandine E2 werden gemeten met behulp van zeer gevoelige ELISA kits. We hebben gebruikt Assay Designs, Inc (Ann Arbor, Michigan) voor deze analyse. Analyses uitvoeren in tweevoud volgens specificatie van de fabrikant.

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Representative Results

Met deze methode hebben we kunnen alle biochemische mediators hierboven beschreven, met uitzondering van IL-5 in wondexsudaat en plasma gedetecteerd. 1,2 Enkelen cytokines werden niet gedetecteerd in plasma (IL-4, IL-17, TNFa, INFγ , GM-CSF). 1 Het tijdsverloop van de gemeten cytokines en chemokines in de gerapporteerde studies consistent waren, het bereiken van een plateau in de eerste uren dat werd volgehouden voor de 24 uur observatieperiode .. 1,2 Echter, NGF gestaag toegenomen in de 24 uur verzamelperiode, dat PGE2 piek binnen 1 uur en vervolgens geleidelijk afneemt. een bijzonder opmerkelijke resultaten zijn aanzienlijk verlaagde niveaus van IL-10 en niveau van substance P verhoogd wonden ingeprent met de plaatselijke verdoving bupivacaine, compatibel met een totale pro- inflammatoire effect van het geneesmiddel (figuur 1). 2 In een ander onderzoek toonden wij aan dat analgetische consumptie na keizersnede delivery operatie was negatief gecorreleerd met wondvocht IL-6, IL-1 β, en G-CSF concentraties (Figuur 2). een

Figuur 1
Figuur 1. Interleukine-10 (IL-10) en substantie P wondvocht niveaus niveaus (pg / ml) gemeten op 1, 3, 5, 7 en 24 uur na keizersnede. De normale zoutoplossing groep wordt in grijs aangegeven diamanten, en de bupivacaïne groep wordt weergegeven met zwarte vierkantjes. * = Significant verschillend tussen de groepen (P <0,005).

Figuur 2
Figuur 2. Correlatie tussen interleukine-6 ​​(pg / ml) en morfine verbruik in de eerste 24 uur na keizersnede.

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Discussion

Deze methodologie hierboven beschreven is gebleken is gevoelig genoeg om biochemische inflammatoire mediatoren en nociceptieve detecteren wondvocht. Bemonstering op verschillende tijdstippen heeft ook ons toegestaan ​​om veranderingen van deze mediatoren in de tijd. 1,2 Wij zijn niet op de hoogte van andere menselijke operatiewond test die serieel kan meten het afgifteprofiel van inflammatoire en nociceptieve mediatoren in chirurgische wond exsudaat te observeren. Resultaten van onze methodiek wondexsudaat collectie van de chirurgische incisie verschilt van studies gebruik afvoeren van de heup, hetgeen suggereert dat 7,8 subcutane wond mediatorafgifte afwijken van intra-articulaire of andere lichaamsholten biochemische mediatorafgifte. Bovendien kunnen resultaten in buizen worden verstoord door bloedverlies in de wond, en daarom mogelijk niet nauwkeurig weergegeven lokale biochemische mediatorafgifte.

De slechte correlatie tussenwond en serumspiegels toont het belang van het bepalen van site-specifieke versie bij het bestuderen van chirurgische wonden. Lokale wijzigingen niet systemisch worden gereflecteerd door vele factoren, waaronder differentiële systemische en lokale productie in respons op chirurgisch trauma en stress. Ook al hebben we een specifieke selectie van pro-en anti-inflammatoire cytokines en chemokines en NGF, SP en PG-E2 van keizersnede wondexsudaat, 1,2 deze methode kan worden toegepast op andere chirurgische modellen en vele andere maatregelen biochemische bemiddelaars.

Operatiewond plaatselijke verdoving instillatie is een gebruikelijke techniek om postoperatieve pijn. 9 toepassing van de methode, hebben we dat plaatselijke verdoving instillatie aantonen in chirurgische wonden heeft wond biochemie beïnvloeden. 2 Een afname in IL-10 en de toename van substance P in wondvocht met bupivacaïne instillatie suggereert een verstoring of anti-inflammatoire modulatie. Perifeer toegediend lokale anesthetica kan daardoor invloed hebben op de inflammatoire processen, 10,11 en kan ten dele voor plaatselijke verdoving-geïnduceerde chondrolysis in gewrichten rekening na de operatie 12.

ON-Q PainBuster Pain Relief System is een Amerikaanse Food and Drug Administration (FDA) die is goedgekeurd sinds 1998 dat wordt gebruikt voor de levering van lokale anesthetica op de chirurgische wond om pijn te verminderen na een operatie. Continu wond instillatie gebruik te maken van deze en andere katheters is niet geassocieerd met een verhoogd wondinfectie. 9,13 OP-Q PainBuster met ON-Q SilverSoaker is ontworpen om drugs trekken en niet herhaaldelijk te proeven wondvocht. Hoewel we hadden geen wondinfecties met deze techniek, hebben we benadrukken van een aseptische techniek, terwijl de bemonstering wondvocht van dit systeem. Onze voorgestelde wijziging van de monsterneming te vergemakkelijken moet worden gereserveerd voor onderzoeksdoeleinden en niet voor routine klinische use. Wij raden ook aan dat de duur van de katheter blijft in-situ worden beperkt tot 48-72 uur.

Deze operatieplaats bioassay verschaffen een goed model om de relatie tussen inflammatoire mediatoren en nociceptieve biochemische in postoperatieve pijn te begrijpen. We zullen gebruik maken van de methodologie in toekomstige studies naar de effecten van lokaal toegediende niet-steroïdale anti-inflammatoire geneesmiddelen en opioïden te onderzoeken. De techniek kan ook leent voor onderzoek het onderzoek wondgenezing, overmatige chirurgische littekens en wondinfectie.

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Disclosures

Geen belangenconflicten verklaard.

Acknowledgments

Dr Carvalho's werk werd ondersteund door een onderzoekssubsidie ​​van het Office of Research on Women's Health en National Institute of Child Health and Human Development van de National Institutes of Health (5K12 HD043452). Dr Angst levert (On-Q PainBuster Post-Op Pain Relief System) en fondsen (voor de biochemische assays) ontvangen van I-Flow (Lake Forest, Californië).

References

  1. Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Angst, M. S. Local and Systemic Release of Cytokines, Nerve Growth Factor, Prostaglandin E2, and Substance P in Incisional Wounds and Serum Following Cesarean Delivery. J. Pain. 9, 650-657 (2008).
  2. Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, D. C., Angst, M. S. Continuous subcutaneous instillation of bupivacaine compared to saline reduces interleukin 10 and increases substance P in surgical wounds after cesarean delivery. Anesth. Analg. 111, 1452-1459 (2010).
  3. Verri, W. A., Cunha, T. M., Parada, C. A., Poole, S., Cunha, F. Q., Ferreira, S. H. Hypernociceptive role of cytokines and chemokines: targets for analgesic drug development. Pharmacol. Ther. 112, 116-138 (2006).
  4. Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F. Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain. J. Intern. Med. 257, 139-155 (2005).
  5. Beilin, B., Bessler, H., Mayburd, E., Smirnov, G., Dekel, A., Yardeni, I., Shavit, Y. Effects of preemptive analgesia on pain and cytokine production in the postoperative period. Anesthesiology. 98, 151-155 (2003).
  6. Wu, C. T., Jao, S. W., Borel, C. O., Yeh, C. C., Li, C. Y., Lu, C. H., Wong, C. S. The effect of epidural clonidine on perioperative cytokine response, postoperative pain, and bowel function in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Anesth. Analg. 99, 502-509 (2004).
  7. Buvanendran, A., Kroin, J. S., Berger, R. A., Hallab, N. J., Saha, C., Negrescu, C., Moric, M., Caicedo, M. S., Tuman, K. J. Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in humans. Anesthesiology. 104, 403-410 (2006).
  8. Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Sundqvist, K. G., Soop, A., Suontaka, A. M., Blomback, M. Local vs. systemic immune and haemostatic response to hip arthroplasty. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 15, 260-270 (1998).
  9. Liu, S. S., Richman, J. M., Thirlby, R. C., Wu, C. L. Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 203, 914-932 (2006).
  10. Eriksson, A. S., Sinclair, R., Cassuto, J., Thomsen, P. Influence of lidocaine on leukocyte function in the surgical wound. Anesthesiology. 77, 74-78 (1992).
  11. Clark, J. D., Shi, X., Li, X., Qiao, Y., Liang, D., Angst, M. S., Yeomans, D. C. Morphine reduces local cytokine expression and neutrophil infiltration after incision. Mol. Pain. 3, 28 (2007).
  12. Webb, S. T., Ghosh, S. Intra-articular bupivacaine: potentially chondrotoxic. Br. J. Anaesth. 102, 439-441 (2009).
  13. Scott, N. B. Wound infiltration for surgery. Anaesthesia. 65, Suppl . 1. 67 (2010).

Tags

Geneeskunde biochemie anatomie fysiologie Cytokines Keizersnede wondgenezing wonden en verwondingen Chirurgie operatieve chirurgische wond exsudaat cytokinen Substance P interleukine 10 interleukine 6 Zenuwgroeifactor Prostaglandine E2 keizersnede Analgesia
Het verzamelen van en het meten van wondexsudaat Biochemische Mediators In chirurgische wonden
Play Video
PDF DOI

Cite this Article

Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, More

Carvalho, B., Clark, D. J., Yeomans, D., Angst, M. S. Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds. J. Vis. Exp. (68), e50133, doi:10.3791/50133 (2012).

Less
Copy Citation Download Citation Reprints and Permissions
View Video

PLAYLIST

  • Research • Medicine
    Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation
  • Research • Medicine
    Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
  • Research • Medicine
    Segmentation and Linear Measurement for Body Composition Analysis using Slice-O-Matic and Horos
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound for Painful Bone Metastases
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping
  • Research • Medicine
    Obtaining Quality Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Images of Skeletal Muscle to Measure Muscle Fascicle Length
  • Research • Medicine
    Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
  • Research • Medicine
    Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
  • Research • Medicine
    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
  • Research • Medicine
    Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
  • Research • Medicine
    Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
  • Research • Biology
    A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth
  • Research • Medicine
    Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
  • Research • Medicine
    Learning Modern Laryngeal Surgery in a Dissection Laboratory
  • Research • Medicine
    DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    A Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training Program Targeting Technology Based Everyday Functional Skills
  • Research • Medicine
    Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking
  • Research • Medicine
    A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
  • Get cutting-edge science videos from JoVE sent straight to your inbox every month.

    Waiting X
    Simple Hit Counter