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Medicine

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Test

Published: May 28, 2013 doi: 10.3791/50175

Summary

Denne artikel beskriver, hvordan man fører minimal erythema dosis (MED) testning for at bestemme den laveste dosis af ultraviolet stråling, der vil forårsage erytem (brænding), når det gives til et individ.

Abstract

Ultraviolet stråling (UV) terapi er undertiden bruges som en behandling for forskellige almindelige hudsygdomme, herunder psoriasis, acne og eksem. Doseringen af ​​UV-lys er foreskrevet i henhold til et individs hud følsomhed. Således at etablere den korrekte dosis af UV lys til at administrere til en patient, er patienten undertiden screenet for at bestemme en minimal erythema dosis (MED), som er den mængde UV-stråling, der vil producere minimal erytem (solskoldning eller rødme forårsaget af overfyldning af kapillærer) af en persons hud inden for et par timer efter eksponering. Denne artikel beskriver, hvordan man fører minimal erythema dosis (MED) test. Der er i øjeblikket ingen nem måde at afgøre en passende UV-dosis til kliniske eller forskningsformål uden at foretage en formel MED test, der kræver observation timer efter testning, eller uformelt trial and error test med risikoen for under-eller over-dosering. Der er dog nogle alternative metoder diskuteres.

Protocol

1.. Forberedelse til UV-eksponering

  1. Forklar deltageren hvordan MED test værker ("Jeg har tænkt mig at afsløre nogle hud på armen for at UV-lys i løbet af ca 20 min, og i morgen, vi kommer til at kontrollere, at afsnit af din hud for at bestemme hvor følsom du er til lyset. Du kan opleve en solskoldning i de små områder, som vi udsættes for UV. Hvis solskoldning er smertefulde eller generer dig, kan du behandle det som du ville enhver anden solskoldning. ")
  2. Personale og deltager bør bære UV beskyttende briller.
  3. Deltageren skal være iført en kortærmet skjorte eller rulle hendes ærme op.
  4. Har deltageren sat på en handske for at beskytte huden på hendes hånd.
  5. Fjern Daavlin patch 1 opbakning på venstre og højre side af plasteret, og placer den på den indvendige nederste arm lige ved siden af handsken, undgå eventuelle eksisterende hud pletter.
  6. Dække eventuelle yderligere hud på armen with deltagerens skjorte eller andet materiale.
  7. Anbring armen, så at hullerne i plasteret vil blive udsat for UV lys kilde. Ingen anden huden bør udsættes for UV-lys.
  8. Fortæl deltageren hun vil føle varmen, men hendes arm vil ikke blive brændende under testen.

2.. Gennemføre UV eksponering

  1. Patch huller (f.eks 6) bør udsættes for UV med mellemrum i hele eksponeringsperioden.
  2. Start med hul 1 åbent.
  3. Vælg den samlede varighed af eksponeringen baseret på producent specifikationer for lyskilden og deltagerens Fitzpatrick hudtype I-VI (meget fair til meget mørk, Fitzpatrick, 1988). 2. Fairer hud er mere tilbøjelige til at brænde.
  4. Indstil en timer til den samlede varighed af eksponeringen (f.eks 20 min). En anden backup timeren kan også anvendes. Start timeren (r).
  5. For eksempel åbent hul 2 efter 2 min, åbent hul 3 efter 4min, åbent hul 4 efter 8 min, åbent hul 5 efter 12 min, og åbent hul 6 efter 16 min. Således vil huden UV eksponering tider være 20 min for hul 1, 18 min for hul 2, 16 min til hul 3, 12 min for hul 4, 8 min for hul 5 og 4 min for hul 6.
  6. For at lettere at identificere de udsatte områder efter 24-48 timer, markere hud, der udsættes på den yderste kant af den første og sidste huller af plasteret og bede deltageren ikke at vaske de mærker, før huden er undersøgt.
  7. Har deltageren fjerne handske og patch.
  8. Gentage til deltageren, at huden skal blive gennemgået i 24-48 timer.

3.. Vurdering af MED

  1. Efter 24-48 timer, undersøge de udsatte områder af huden. Rød eller pink hud indikerer erythema eller brænding. Erythemetous hud, der udsættes for den korteste varighed af UV er defineret som den minimale erythema dosis eller MED.
  2. Fremtidige engagementer med UV burde være for varigheder kortere end tHan MED at undgå afbrænding.
  3. Hvis områderne eksponering er vanskelige at identificere, kan du ønsker at sætte plaster på igen at bruge mærkerne for at tilpasse sig den udsatte hud. Dette er også nyttigt, hvis du bruger en hudfarve måling enhed, såsom et spektrofotometer.
  4. Spektrofotometre indeholde foranstaltninger af L * (mørke) og b * (farvetone). en * refererer til rødme af huden. En højere en * værdi angiver rødere hud.
  5. Hvis der anvendes en hudfarve måleindretning såsom et spektrofotometer, placere spektrofotometer åbning i midten af ​​hullet, der skal måles.
  6. Måle hver af de 6 eksponeringsområder i rækkefølge og et eksponerede område nær de andre til sammenligning. Forsøge at måle centrum af hvert hul, men ikke en fregne eller muldvarp eller andre ikke-UV misfarvninger. Mærke hver af målingerne. Målingen fra eksponerede område bør mærkes 0 min og blive opført ved siden af ​​området 6 (den korteste eksponering området - 4 min.)
  7. Stigninger i et *-værdier skal svare med stigninger i UV eksponeringstid. Prøv at måle værdier, der ikke er i tilsvarende rækkefølge.
  8. 2,5 point forskel i en * ueksponeret hud sammenlignet med eksponeret hud indikerer en signifikant forskel i rødme, tyder på et potentiale brænding.
  9. Tilsæt 2,5 til den laveste en * værdi. Noget på eller over denne værdi ville blive betragtet som potentielt brænding. Den laveste eksponeringstid over denne værdi anses for MED.

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Representative Results

Figur 1
Figur 1. De fire trin i ledende MED test:. Forberede UV-eksponering, gennemføre UV-eksponering, vurdere MED og fastlæggelse af MED.

Figur 2

Figur 2.. Den Daavlin plaster på et underarmen med én mærkat fjernet for UV-stråling. De efterfølgende fem klistermærker ville derefter blive fjernet ved varierende tidspunkter med at udsætte huden for forskellige varigheder af UV.

Patch Opening # a * Value
1 10.57 20
2 9,53 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7,75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 6.86 0

Tabel 1. Sample Spectrofotometer data. Tabel 1 viser stikprøve spektrofotometer A * værdier og tilsvarende varigheder af UV-eksponering for hvert af de seks patch åbninger. Bemærk, at de a *-værdier stiger med stigende eksponering for UV. Der er også større end en 2,5 point forskel i en *-værdier indikerer, at MED er nået. Ifølge prøven data i tabel 1, er det laveste huden læsning 6,86. 6,86 + 2,5 = 9,36. Således noget eller enBove 9.36 ville blive betragtet som potentielt brænding. Aflæsningen på 18 min er 9,53, hvilket er over 9,36, og derfor betragtes som den MED.

Figur 3
Figur 3.. Synlig UV-eksponering på en underarm. Seks kvadrater af huden blev eksponeret for UV i mellem de to sorte prikker bruger Daavlin plasteret. På den venstre side af billedet er de områder, der blev udsat den længste (dvs. det nedre venstre firkant # 1 i 20 minutter og det øverste venstre firkant # 2 i 18 min). Squares # 1 og 2 forekommer noget rødt, mens resten ikke gør det, hvilket indikerer, at MED er 18 min (firkantet # 2).

Patch Opening # a * Value Referat af UV-eksponering
1 9.2 20
2 9.0 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7,75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 7.0 0

Tabel 2. Sample Spectrofotometer data. Tabel 2 viser stikprøve spektrofotometer A * værdier, undtagen MED i dette eksempel ikke er nået. En mangel på en 2,5 point forskel i et *-værdier indikerer, at afbrænding ikke forekomme, og at MED ikke var opfyldt (dvs. deltager ikke brænde selv på de længste UV eksponering varighed). Således ville vi ikke forvente at se nogen synlige røde områder.

Patch Opening # a * Value Referat af UV-eksponering
1 10.57 20
2 9,53 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7,75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 9.0 0

Tabel 3. Sample Spectrofotometer data. Tabel 3 viser stikprøve spektrofotometer A * værdier, men data for hud, der ikke blev udsat for UV mærket NA ikke giver mening, fordi en * værdi er højere end den 4 til 16 min eksponeringer. Derfor bør man ommåle eksponerede hud. Den forventede en * værdi ville være mindre end 7,2 for hvor huden er blevet udsat for UV i det korteste tidsrum af 4 min.

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Discussion

Ultraviolet stråling (UV) terapi er undertiden bruges som en behandling for forskellige almindelige hudsygdomme, herunder psoriasis, acne og eksem. Doseringen af UV-lys er foreskrevet i henhold til en persons følsomhed i huden, der bestemmes som en funktion af individets Fitzpatrick hudtype I-VI (meget retfærdig meget mørke). 2 Menneskelig hud varierer i sin følsomhed over for UV-stråling på grund af varierende grader af hudens pigmentering, tykkelse og andre faktorer. Således at etablere den korrekte dosis af UV lys til at administrere til en patient, er patienten undertiden screenet for at bestemme en minimal erythema dosis (MED), som generelt forstås mængden af ​​UV-stråling, der vil producere minimal erytem (solskoldning eller rødme forårsaget af overfyldning af kapillærer) af en persons hud inden for et par timer efter eksponering.

Der er i øjeblikket ingen nem måde at afgøre en passende UV dosis for kliniske eller researchfirmaerneh formål uden at gennemføre en formel MED test, der kræver observation timer efter testning, eller uformelt trial and error test med risikoen for under-eller over-dosering. Men der er forskellige muligheder for flere aspekter af MED test Muligheder for eksponering områder af kroppen:. Vi valgte at udsætte den indre forgrunden-arm til UV fordi det let tilgås til test og udsættes for mindre sollys end nogle andre områder af kroppen. Men de øvre bagdel er et andet område, der modtager typisk minimal UV eksponering anden mulighed for timing af engagementer:. En geometrisk forhold serien kan anvendes med et konstant forhold mellem tilstødende åbninger, såsom 1,0, 1,4, 2,0, 2,8, 3,0, 5,6 , 8,0, etc. med et forhold mellem kvadratroden af ​​to mellem tilstødende sider. Bedre opløsning kan opnås med flere åbninger og et forhold mellem åbninger terning roden af to, således at der er to åbninger mellem hver fordobling af dosis Muligheder for UV-stråling skabeloner:. Ligesom Daavlin, The Copenhagen Virksomheden Chromo-Light har en MED patch, men det synes ikke at være bredt tilgængelige. 5. Daavlin har også en handske og et stofmærke til større hudområder. 1 MED test bruger disse muligheder svarer til at bruge Daavlin sticker patch. Dog skal man sikre sig, at stof muligheder passer brugerne ordentligt og bliver på plads under testen. H. Waldmann & Co KG har også en større dyrere mekanisk skabelon for erytem test 6 Muligheder for vurderingen af erythema:. Nogle undersøgelser bruger L * (mørke) værdien af spektrofotometer snarere end et * (rødme) værdi . 7, 8 A Likert-typen visuel bedømmelse skala for erythem kan også anvendes i stedet for spektrofotometri. 9.

Enkelte forskere har gennemført pilotforsøg om serier af UV doser, der producerer meds efter hudtype, hvilket ville fjerne MED test per se. 9-12 Men huden skrive er upræcis.Kwon og kolleger udført en lignende undersøgelse anbefale UV doser svarende til medicin baseret på spektrofotometri aflæsninger for mørkere flået personer. 7. Men med begge disse fremgangsmåder, må man stadig konvertere UV-dosis er baseret på intensiteten af den anordning, der anvendes i publikationen til enheden ved hånden. UV intensitet og virkninger bestemmes af arten af ​​den UV-emitterende anordning, lamper anvendt i indretningen, hud følsomhed, og afstanden af ​​huden fra indretningen, som alle varierer fra situation til situation. Dette er sandsynligvis den største fejlkilde og forvirring i at bruge enhver MED metodik. Men hvis man ønsker at foretage konverteringer fra én enhed til en anden, Durham Erythema Tester er en alt-i-én enhed, der indeholder både en UV-kilde og en skabelon, der leverer ti sorterede bølgelængder stigende i 26% intervaller i en enkelt eksponering, uden at åbne eller lukke af motoriserede åbninger, ved at ansætte graduerede uigennemsigtige trykte prikker eller etcHed små huller i en metalfolie, således at der i et enkelt engagement, der er alle de ønskede bølgelængder leveret samtidigt. 13. For mere information om MED afprøvning, dosimetri og kalibrering i lysbehandling, herunder hvordan at rapportere MED testprocedurer, forfatterne anbefaler retningslinjer fra British Photo-dermatologi Group. 14.

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Disclosures

Vi har intet at afsløre.

Acknowledgments

Dette arbejde blev finansieret af R21CA134819 (CH), T32CA009035 (SD), og P30CA006927 (Cancer Center Core Grant). Forfatterne vil gerne takke Elizabeth Culnan for hendes hjælp med deltageren rekruttering, Lia Boyle, Eva Panigrahi og Kate Menezes for deres assistance i udvikling af procedurer, og Jeanne Pomenti med sin hjælp med manuskriptet forberedelse. Vi takker også tidsskriftet korrekturlæsere for deres nyttige forslag.

References

  1. UV Therapy Accessories | Daavlin [Internet]. , The Daavlin Company. Available from: http://www.daavlin.com/patients/phototherapy-products/uv-therapy-accessories/ (2012).
  2. Fitzpatrick, T. B. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Archives of Dermatology. 124, 869-871 (1988).
  3. SPF Testing 601 Multiport UV Solar Simulator | Solar Light - Solar Light [Internet]. , Solar Light Company, Inc.. Available from: http://solarlight.com/product/model-601-multiport-spf-testing-6-output-solar-simulator/ (2012).
  4. eCFR - Code of Federal Regulations [Internet]. , U.S. Government Printing Office. Available from: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?type=simple;c=ecfr;cc=ecfr;idno=21;region=DIV1;q1=201;rgn=div2;sid=2e707692c7adf31cc3772389d813a3bb;view=text;node=20110617%3A1.33;start=1;size=25 (2012).
  5. Bodekaer, M., Akerstrom, U., Wulf, H. C. Accumulation of sunscreen in human skin after daily applications: a study of sunscreens with different ultraviolet radiation filters. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 28, 127-132 (2012).
  6. light, lighting, illumination, lamps, lighting technology, architectural lighting, industrial lighting, LED-lights - Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG - Test Unit [Internet]. , H. Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG. Available from: http://www.waldmann.com/waldmann-medizin/home/home/products/therapy_systems_for_professional_use/accessories/test_unit.html (2012).
  7. Kwon, I. H., Kwon, H. H., Na, S. J., Youn, J. I. Could colorimetric method replace the individual minimal erythemal dose (MED) measurements in determining the initial dose of narrow-band UVB treatment for psoriasis patients with skin phototype III-V? J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. , (2012).
  8. Youn, J. I., Park, J. Y., Jo, S. J., Rim, J. H., Choe, Y. B. Assessment of the usefulness of skin phototype and skin color as the parameter of cutaneous narrow band UVB sensitivity in psoriasis patients. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 19, 261-264 (2003).
  9. Henriksen, M., Na, R., Agren, M. S., Wulf, H. C. Minimal erythema dose after multiple UV exposures depends on pre-exposure skin pigmentation. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 20, 163-169 (2004).
  10. Kraemer, C. K., Menegon, D. B., Cestari, T. F. Determination of the minimal phototoxic dose and colorimetry in psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation therapy. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 21, 242-248 (2005).
  11. Sachdeva, S. Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 75, 93-96 (2009).
  12. Webb, A. R., Kift, R., Berry, J. L., Rhodes, L. E. The vitamin D debate: translating controlled experiments into reality for human sun exposure times. Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 741-745 (2011).
  13. Otman, S. G., Edwards, C., Gambles, B., Anstey, A. V. Validation of a semiautomated method of minimal erythema dose testing for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Br. J. Dermatol. 155, 416-421 (2006).
  14. Taylor, D. K., Anstey, A. V., Coleman, A. J., Diffey, B. L., Farr, P. M., Ferguson, S., et al. Guidelines for dosimetry and calibration in ultraviolet radiation therapy: a report of a British Photodermatology Group workshop. Br. J. Dermatol. 146, 755-763 (2002).

Tags

Medicin anatomi fysiologi Analytical diagnostiske terapeutiske teknikker Udstyr Health Care Minimal erythema dosis (MED) afprøvning følsomhed i huden ultraviolet stråling spektrofotometri UV-eksponering psoriasis akne eksem kliniske teknikker
Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Test
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Cite this Article

Heckman, C. J., Chandler, R., Kloss, More

Heckman, C. J., Chandler, R., Kloss, J. D., Benson, A., Rooney, D., Munshi, T., Darlow, S. D., Perlis, C., Manne, S. L., Oslin, D. W. Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing. J. Vis. Exp. (75), e50175, doi:10.3791/50175 (2013).

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    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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