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Medicine

最小紅斑量(MED)試験

Published: May 28, 2013 doi: 10.3791/50175

Summary

この記事では、個々に投与された場合に紅斑(燃焼)が発生します紫外線の最低用量を決定するために、最小紅斑量(MED)テストを実施する方法について説明します。

Abstract

紫外線(UV)療法は、しばしば乾癬、座瘡およびアトピー性皮膚炎を含む様々な一般的な皮膚の状態、の治療薬として使用されている。 UV光の投与量は、個人の肌の感度に応じて規定されている。したがって、患者に投与するUV光の適切な投与量を確立するために、患者は、時々鬱血に起因する最小の紅斑(または日焼け赤みを生成するUV放射線の量である、最小紅斑量(MED)を決定するためにスクリーニングされている暴露後数時間内の個々の皮膚の)毛細血管の。この記事では、最小紅斑量(MED)テストを実施する方法について説明します。正式なMED試験を行うことなく、臨床や研究目的のための適切なUV線量を決定する簡単な方法は、アンダーまたはオーバー投与のリスクに観察試験後の時間、または非公式の試行錯誤のテストを必要とし、現在のところありません。しかし、いくつかの代替方法が記載されている。

Protocol

1。紫外線照射の準備

  1. "私は約20分であり、明日の過程で紫外線にあなたの腕にいくつかの皮膚を公開するつもりだ、我々は決定するために、お肌のそのセクションをチェックするつもりだ(MEDテストがどのように機能するかを参加者に説明しどのように敏感なあなたには、光にされています。あなたは、私たちは、UVに公開する小さな領域で日焼けが発生する可能性があります。日焼けが痛いですか、気になる場合は、あなたが他の日焼けと同じように扱うことができます。 ")
  2. スタッフと参加者は、UV保護メガネを着用しなければならない。
  3. 参加者は、半袖のシャツを身に着けているか、または彼女の袖をロールアップされるべきである。
  4. 参加者が彼女の手で肌を保護するために手袋を入れている。
  5. パッチの左右にDaavlinパッチ1バッキングを取り外し、既存の皮膚の傷を避け、手袋のすぐ隣接する内側下部アームの上に置きます。
  6. アームのWi上の任意の付加的な肌をカバー参加者のシャツや他の材料番目。
  7. パッチの穴をUV光源にさらされるように腕を置きます。他の皮膚は紫外線にさらされるべきではありません。
  8. 彼女は暖かさを感じるだろうが、彼女の腕が試験中に燃焼されることはありません参加者に知らせる。

2。 UV露光を行う

  1. パッチ穴( 例えば、6)は暴露期間を通して間隔で紫外線にさらされるべきである。
  2. 穴1を開いた状態で起動します。
  3. 光源と参加者のフィッツパトリック皮膚のタイプI-VI(非常に暗いと非常に公正で、フィッツパトリック、1988)については、製造元の仕様に基づいて露出の合計時間を選択します。2より公平な皮膚が火傷する可能性が高くなります。
  4. エクスポージャーの合計時間( 例えば 20分)のタイマーを設定します。 2番目のバックアップタイマーを用いてもよい。 (S)タイマーを起動します。
  5. 4の後に例えば、オープン2分後の穴2、開いた穴3分、8分、16分後の12分であり、開孔6の後の開孔5後に開く穴4。このように、皮膚のUV露光時間は5穴のために8分、と穴6 4分ホール1、ホール2、ホール3、穴4の12分16分18分20分になります。
  6. ためには、より簡単に24〜48時間後に露出された領域を特定するために、パッチの最初と最後の穴の遠端に露出した皮膚をマークし、肌が検査された後にまで、マークを洗い流していないため、参加者に依頼してください。
  7. 参加者は、手袋とパッチを削除している。
  8. 皮膚は24-48時間で見直さなければならないことを参加者に繰り返す。

3。 MEDを評価

  1. 24〜48時間後、肌の露出部分を調べます。赤やピンクの皮膚が紅斑または燃焼を示しています。 UVの最短持続時間に露出Erythemetous皮膚を最小紅斑量またはMEDとして定義される。
  2. UVに将来のエクスポージャーは、Tより短い期間のためでなければなりません彼は燃えて避けるためにMED。
  3. 暴露の領域を識別することが困難である場合には、露出した皮膚に合わせてマークを使用してバックパッチを置きたいと思うことがあります。分光光度計などの皮膚の色測定装置を用いた場合にも有用である。
  4. 分光光度計は、L *(闇)及びb *(色相)の対策を提供します。 *は、皮膚の赤みを指します。高い*値は赤く、皮膚を示しています。
  5. このような分光光度計、皮膚の色測定装置を使用する場合は、測定されるべき穴の中心に分光光度計の開口部を配置する。
  6. 比較のために他人の近くの数値ご注文いただくと、未露光部で6露光領域のそれぞれを測定します。各穴の中心ではなく、そばかすやほくろまたは他の非UV変色を測定してみます。測定のそれぞれにラベルを付けます。未露光部からの測定は、0分とラベル付けされるべきであり、エリア6(最短露光エリア - 4分)の横に表示される。
  7. *値の増加は、UV照射時間の増加に対応している必要があります。再測定に対応するためにない値を試してみてください。
  8. 露出した皮膚に比べて未露光皮膚の*で2.5ポイント差は、潜在的な燃焼を示唆し、赤みに有意な差を示している。
  9. 最小*値に2.5を追加します。この値で、または上記のものは、潜在的に燃えると考えられるでしょう。この値を超える最小の露光時間がMED考えられる。

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Representative Results

図1
図1 MEDテストを行う4つのステップ:。MEDを評価する、紫外線照射を行うと、MEDを決定し、紫外線照射の準備。

図2

紫外線照射のために除去1ステッカーと前腕に2。Daavlinパッチ 。後続のシール5は、次いでUVの持続時間を変化させ、皮膚を露出させるための時点を変えることで除去される。

#パッチオープニング *値
1 10.57 20
2 9.53 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7.75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 6.86 0

表1。サンプル分光光度計のデータ 1に示すサンプル分光光度計*値と6パッチ開口部のそれぞれについて、UV照射の対応する期間。 *値は、UVに増加曝露に伴って増加することに注意してください。また、MEDに達したことを示す*値の2.5ポイント差よりも大きいがある。 表1のサンプルデータによれば、最小の皮膚測定値が6.86である。 6.86 + 2.5 = 9.36。このように、何時またはボーブ9.36は、潜在的に燃えると考えられるでしょう。 18分で読みは9.36を超えているので、MEDとみなされ9.53、である。

図3
図3:前腕に見えるUV曝露。皮膚の六正方形がDaavlinパッチを用いつの黒いドット間でUVに曝露した。画像の左側に(20分、18分間の左上広場#2の左下の四角#1 すなわち )最長を暴露された領域である。残りはMED 18分(四角#2)であることを示し、そうではない正方形#1と2は、やや赤く写る。

#パッチオープニング *値 UV暴露の議事録
1 9.2 20
2 9.0 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7.75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 7.0 0

表2。この例では、MEDを除いて、サンプル分光光度計データ 2に示す試料の分光光度計*値は、達していない。 *値で2.5ポイント差の欠如は、燃焼が発生し、MEDが(参加者は最長UV露光期間でも燃えていなかったIE)が満たされなかったことをしなかったことを示します。したがって、我々は、任意の可視赤色領域を表示するには期待していない。

#パッチオープニング *値 UV暴露の議事録
1 10.57 20
2 9.53 18
3 8.1 16
4 8.06 12
5 7.75 8
6 7.2 4
NA 9.0 0

表3。サンプル分光データを表 3は、サンプル分光光度計*値を示していますが、*値が16分のエクスポージャーを通じて4よりも高いので、意味をなさないNAラベル紫外線にさらされていなかった肌のためのデータ。したがって、人は未露光肌を再測定する必要があります。皮膚は4分の短い期間UVに曝されたために*値が7.2未満になると期待した。

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Discussion

紫外線(UV)療法は、しばしば乾癬、座瘡およびアトピー性皮膚炎を含む様々な一般的な皮膚の状態、の治療薬として使用されている。 UV光の投与量は、個人のフィッツパトリックの肌はVI(非常に暗いと非常に公正な)を通してI型の関数として決定される個々の皮膚の感度に応じて規定されている。2人間の皮膚が原因で様々な物のUV放射線に対する感度で変化皮膚の色素沈着、厚さ、および他の要因の度合い。したがって、患者に投与するUV光の適切な投与量を確立するために、患者はしばしば、一般的に最小限の紅斑(または日焼け赤みを生成するUV放射線の量として理解される最小紅斑量(MED)を決定するためにスクリーニングされる暴露後数時間以内に、個々の皮膚の毛細血管の充血)によって引き起こされる。

臨床的またはresearcための適切なUV線量を決定するための簡単​​な方法は現在ありません、正式なMED試験を行うアンダーまたはオーバー投薬リスクに観察試験後の時間、または非公式の試行錯誤のテストを必要とせずに時間の目的。しかし、MEDテストのいくつかの側面のためのさまざまなオプションがあり、身体の露出領域のオプション :我々は、それが簡単に試験のためにアクセスされているため、紫外線にフォアアーム内部を公開することを選択し、いくつかの他の地域よりも少ない日光にさらされているボディの。しかし、上部のお尻は、通常最小限の紫外線曝露を受けて別の領域であるエクスポージャーを計るための別のオプション :。公比シリーズはそのような1.0、1.4、2.0、2.8、3.0、5.6のように、隣接する開口部との間に一定の割合で使用することができます、8.0等の隣接サイト間の2の平方根の比で。より良い分解能は用量の各倍の間に2つの開口部があるので、より多くの開口部と2のキューブ根の開口部との間の比率で達成することができる紫外線照射テンプレートのオプション :Dなどがaavlin、コペンハーゲン会社クロモライトは、MEDパッチを持っていますが、それは広く利用可能ではないようです。5 Daavlinも大きな皮膚領域のための手袋や布パッチを持っています、これらのオプションを使用して1 MEDテストはDaavlinを使用することに似ていますステッカーパッチ。しかし、一つは、ファブリックオプションが正しくユーザーにフィットし、テスト中の場所に留まることを確認する必要があります。 H.ウォルドマン&株式会社KGはまた、紅斑試験のため大きく、より高価な機械的なテンプレートを持つ紅斑を評価するための 6 オプション :いくつかの研究では、分光光度計のL *(闇)の値ではなく、*(赤み)の値を使用図7、8紅斑リッカート型視覚的評価尺度もまた分光光度計の代わりに使用することができる。9

少数の研究者はそれ自体MEDテストを排除する肌のタイプによって、MEDを生み出すUV線量の範囲を確立するパイロットテストを実施してきました。9-12しかし、皮膚タイピングが不正確である。クォンらは暗い肌の個人のための分光光度計の測定値に基づいてでMEDに対応したUV線量を推薦同様の研究を行った。7しかし、これらのアプローチの両方に、一つはまだに文書で使用するデバイスの強度に基づいてUV線量に変換する必要があります手元のデバイス。 UV強度及び効果はUV発光素子の性質によって決定される、装置で使用されるランプ、皮膚の感度、およびデバイスから皮膚までの距離は、すべてが状況から状況に変化する。これはおそらく、任意のMED法を使用する際の誤りと混乱の最大の源である。 1願いがあるデバイスから別のデバイスへの変換を実施する場合は、DURHAM紅斑Testerは、UV光源と単回暴露で26%間隔で増加10等級放射照度を提供していますテンプレートの両方が含まれているオールインワンデバイスです段階的不透明印刷ドットやなどを採用することにより、電動開口部の開閉なしHED 1回の露光では、希望の放射照度のすべてが同時に配信されるように、金属箔の小さな穴に、13 MEDのテスト手順を報告する方法など、光線療法でMEDテスト、線量測定、およびキャリブレーションの詳細については、、著者はお勧め英国の写真-皮膚科グループからのガイドライン14

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Disclosures

我々は、開示することは何もありません。

Acknowledgments

この作品はR21CA134819(CH)、T32CA009035(SD)、およびP30CA006927(がんセンターコアグラント)によって賄われていた。著者は、原稿の準備と彼女の支援を受けて、参加者の募集、ライアボイル、エヴァPanigrahi、および手順の開発における彼らの支援のためのケイトのメネゼスと彼女の援助のためにエリザベスCulnanに感謝したい、とジャンヌPomentiう。我々はまた、彼らの役立つ提案のためにジャーナル査読に感謝。

References

  1. UV Therapy Accessories | Daavlin [Internet]. , The Daavlin Company. Available from: http://www.daavlin.com/patients/phototherapy-products/uv-therapy-accessories/ (2012).
  2. Fitzpatrick, T. B. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Archives of Dermatology. 124, 869-871 (1988).
  3. SPF Testing 601 Multiport UV Solar Simulator | Solar Light - Solar Light [Internet]. , Solar Light Company, Inc.. Available from: http://solarlight.com/product/model-601-multiport-spf-testing-6-output-solar-simulator/ (2012).
  4. eCFR - Code of Federal Regulations [Internet]. , U.S. Government Printing Office. Available from: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?type=simple;c=ecfr;cc=ecfr;idno=21;region=DIV1;q1=201;rgn=div2;sid=2e707692c7adf31cc3772389d813a3bb;view=text;node=20110617%3A1.33;start=1;size=25 (2012).
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  6. light, lighting, illumination, lamps, lighting technology, architectural lighting, industrial lighting, LED-lights - Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG - Test Unit [Internet]. , H. Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG. Available from: http://www.waldmann.com/waldmann-medizin/home/home/products/therapy_systems_for_professional_use/accessories/test_unit.html (2012).
  7. Kwon, I. H., Kwon, H. H., Na, S. J., Youn, J. I. Could colorimetric method replace the individual minimal erythemal dose (MED) measurements in determining the initial dose of narrow-band UVB treatment for psoriasis patients with skin phototype III-V? J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. , (2012).
  8. Youn, J. I., Park, J. Y., Jo, S. J., Rim, J. H., Choe, Y. B. Assessment of the usefulness of skin phototype and skin color as the parameter of cutaneous narrow band UVB sensitivity in psoriasis patients. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 19, 261-264 (2003).
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  10. Kraemer, C. K., Menegon, D. B., Cestari, T. F. Determination of the minimal phototoxic dose and colorimetry in psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation therapy. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 21, 242-248 (2005).
  11. Sachdeva, S. Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 75, 93-96 (2009).
  12. Webb, A. R., Kift, R., Berry, J. L., Rhodes, L. E. The vitamin D debate: translating controlled experiments into reality for human sun exposure times. Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 741-745 (2011).
  13. Otman, S. G., Edwards, C., Gambles, B., Anstey, A. V. Validation of a semiautomated method of minimal erythema dose testing for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Br. J. Dermatol. 155, 416-421 (2006).
  14. Taylor, D. K., Anstey, A. V., Coleman, A. J., Diffey, B. L., Farr, P. M., Ferguson, S., et al. Guidelines for dosimetry and calibration in ultraviolet radiation therapy: a report of a British Photodermatology Group workshop. Br. J. Dermatol. 146, 755-763 (2002).

Tags

医学、発行75、解剖学、生理学、分析、診断、治療技術、機器、ヘルスケア、最小紅斑量(MED)の試験、皮膚感度、紫外線、分光光度法、紫外線照射、乾癬、にきび、湿疹、臨床技術
最小紅斑量(MED)試験
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Heckman, C. J., Chandler, R., Kloss, More

Heckman, C. J., Chandler, R., Kloss, J. D., Benson, A., Rooney, D., Munshi, T., Darlow, S. D., Perlis, C., Manne, S. L., Oslin, D. W. Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing. J. Vis. Exp. (75), e50175, doi:10.3791/50175 (2013).

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    Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking
  • Research • Medicine
    A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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