Hippocampal टुकड़ा संस्कृतियों में पोस्ट-embedding Synaptic प्रोटीन Immunogold लेबल
Summary
और प्रोटीन का स्थानीयकरण वितरण उनके सेलुलर कार्यों को समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी प्रदान करते हैं. इलेक्ट्रॉन माइक्रोस्कोपी का बेहतर स्थानिक संकल्प (EM) एक दिया प्रतिजन के बाद immunohistochemistry के subcellular स्थानीयकरण का निर्धारण करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है. केंद्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र (सीएनएस) प्रणाली, संरचनात्मक अखंडता बनाए रखने जबकि बनाए रखने प्रतिजनकता EM अध्ययन में किया गया है विशेष रूप से कठिन के ऊतकों के लिए. यहाँ, हम एक प्रक्रिया है कि CNS में अध्ययन करने के लिए संरचना और प्रतिजनों की रक्षा और चूहे hippocampal CA1 पिरामिड न्यूरॉन्स में synaptic प्रोटीन विशेषताएँ इस्तेमाल किया गया है अपनाने.
Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological molecules at the subcellular level. Antibodies coupled to electron-dense markers such as colloidal gold can reveal the localization and distribution of specific antigens in various tissues1. The two most widely used techniques are pre-embedding and post-embedding techniques. In pre-embedding immunogold-electron microscopy (EM) techniques, the tissue must be permeabilized to allow antibody penetration before it is embedded. These techniques are ideal for preserving structures but poor penetration of the antibody (often only the first few micrometers) is a considerable drawback2. The post-embedding labeling methods can avoid this problem because labeling takes place on sections of fixed tissues where antigens are more easily accessible. Over the years, a number of modifications have improved the post-embedding methods to enhance immunoreactivity and to preserve ultrastructure3-5.
Tissue fixation is a crucial part of EM studies. Fixatives chemically crosslink the macromolecules to lock the tissue structures in place. The choice of fixative affects not only structural preservation but also antigenicity and contrast. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4), formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde have been the standard fixatives for decades, including for central nervous system (CNS) tissues that are especially prone to structural damage during chemical and physical processing. Unfortunately, OsO4 is highly reactive and has been shown to mask antigens6, resulting in poor and insufficient labeling. Alternative approaches to avoid chemical fixation include freezing the tissues. But these techniques are difficult to perform and require expensive instrumentation. To address some of these problems and to improve CNS tissue labeling, Phend et al. replaced OsO4 with uranyl acetate (UA) and tannic acid (TA), and successfully introduced additional modifications to improve the sensitivity of antigen detection and structural preservation in brain and spinal cord tissues7. We have adopted this osmium-free post-embedding method to rat brain tissue and optimized the immunogold labeling technique to detect and study synaptic proteins.
We present here a method to determine the ultrastructural localization of synaptic proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We use organotypic hippocampal cultured slices. These slices maintain the trisynaptic circuitry of the hippocampus, and thus are especially useful for studying synaptic plasticity, a mechanism widely thought to underlie learning and memory. Organotypic hippocampal slices from postnatal day 5 and 6 mouse/rat pups can be prepared as described previously8, and are especially useful to acutely knockdown or overexpress exogenous proteins. We have previously used this protocol to characterize neurogranin (Ng), a neuron-specific protein with a critical role in regulating synaptic function8,9 . We have also used it to characterize the ultrastructural localization of calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)10. As illustrated in the results, this protocol allows good ultrastructural preservation of dendritic spines and efficient labeling of Ng to help characterize its distribution in the spine8. Furthermore, the procedure described here can have wide applicability in studying many other proteins involved in neuronal functions.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
इस प्रोटोकॉल में, हम मस्तिष्क और रीढ़ की हड्डी के ऊतकों चूहे hippocampal टुकड़ा संस्कृतियों में वृक्ष के समान spines का अध्ययन के लिए Phend और Weinberg विधि को अपनाया है. Hippocampal CA3 – CA1 क्षेत्र में वृक्ष के समान spines नाजुक प्रोटीन क…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
लेखकों के लिए मैथ्यू फ्लोरेंस hippocampal टुकड़ा संस्कृतियों की तैयारी के लिए धन्यवाद देना चाहूंगा. यह काम अमेरिका के नेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ एजिंग पर और अल्जाइमर NZG एसोसिएशन से अनुदान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया.
Materials
| NAME OF REAGENT | COMPANY | CATALOG NUMBER | |
| 60 x 15 mm polystyrene Petri dish | Falcon | 351007 | |
| Disposable scalpel | EXELINT | 29552 | |
| Cell culture inserts | Millipore | PICM03050 | |
| 10 nm Goat-anti-rabbit gold | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 25108 | |
| Anti-Neurogranin antibody | Millipore | AB5620 | |
| 100% Picric acid | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 19550 | |
| 96% Paraformaldehyde | Acros Organics | AC41678-0030 | |
| 25% Glutaraldehyde (EM grade) | Sigma | G5882 | |
| Uranyl acetate | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 22400 | |
| p-Phenylenediamine | Sigma | P6001 | |
| Platinum (IV) chloride | Sigma | 379840 | |
| Tannic acid | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 21710 |
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