2012: En Year In Review

Summary

Her er et kig på nogle af de milepæle og højdepunkter i år 2012 i Journal of visualiseret Experiments (Jové).

Abstract

Here’s a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.

JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension “bioink,” and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called “bioprinting,” has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.

Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.

In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, Möbius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.

Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.

In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.

Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.

In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.

Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagić et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.

In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE’s 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise – such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.

Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.

This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what’s coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Protocol

En protokol til Afsløring og latrintømning Gas-fase frie radikaler i Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Long-Xi Yu 1, Boris G. Dzikovski 2, Jack H. Freed 3, 2 1 CDCF-AOX Lab, 2 National Biomedical Center for Avanceret ESR Technology (ACERT), Institut for Kemi og Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 3 ACERT Research, Center Institut for Kemi og Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Spin-trapping ESR-spektroskopi blev anvendt til at studere virkningen af ​​planten antioxidanter lycopen, Pycnogenol og druekerneekstrakt på fjernende gasfase frie radikaler i cigaretrøg. Vægteren venstre forkammer vedhæng lukkeindretning for atrieflimren Sven Möbius-Winkler, Marcus Sandri, Norman Mangner, Phillip Lurz, Ingo Dähnert, Gerhard Schuler Universitetet i Leipzig Hjertecenter Den ledsagende video beskriver en procedure til perkutan placering af vægteren Venstre Atrial vedhæng (LAA) Enhed. Vægteren er en nitinol anordning konstrueret til at blive permanent implanteret på eller lidt distalt til, at åbningen af ​​venstre forkammer vedhæng (LAA) til at fange blodpropper, før de forlader LAA, forhindrer tromboembolisk slagtilfælde. Bestemmelse af bidrag Energy Systems under træning Guilherme G. Artioli 1, Romulo C. Bertuzzi 2, Hamilton Roschel 1, 3, Sandro H. Mendes 1, Antonio H. Lancha Jr. 1, Emerson Franchini 4 1 Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education og Sport, Universiteternety of Sao Paulo, 2 Aerobic performance Research Group, Institut for Idræt, University of Sao Paulo, 3 Laboratoriet for Neuromuskulære Tilpasninger til styrketræning, Institut for Idræt, University of Sao Paulo, 4 Martial Arts og Combat Sports Research Group, Institut for Idræt, University of Sao Paulo Denne protokol giver forskerne fokuseret på motion og sport videnskaber til at bestemme det relative bidrag af tre forskellige energisystemer til det samlede energiforbrug i løbet af en lang række forskellige øvelser. Etablering af Mikrobielle Eukaryote Enrichment Cultures fra et Kemisk Stratificeret Antarktis Lake og vurdering af kulstofbinding Potential Jenna M. Dolhi, Nicholas Ketchum, Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss Department of Microbiology, Miami University Mikrobielle eukaryoter er både en kilde til fotosyntetisk-afledt kulstof og top rovfisk i permanent isdækkede Antarktis søer. Denne rapport beskriver en berigelseskulturen tilgang til isolere metabolisk alsidige mikrobielle eukaryoter fra Antarktis sø, Lake Bonney, og vurderer uorganisk kulstof fiksering potentiale ved hjælp af en radioaktiv isotop assay for ribulose-1 ,5-bisphophate carboxylase oxygenase (RUBISCO) aktivitet. Syntetisk Spider Silk Produktion i laboratorieskala Yang Hsia, Eric Gnesa, Ryan Pacheco, Kristin Kohler, Felicia Jeffery, Craig Vierra Biologisk Institut, University of the Pacific Til trods for de fremragende mekaniske og biokemiske egenskaber af spider silke kan dette materiale ikke kan høstes i store mængder med traditionelle midler. Her har vi descRibe en effektiv strategi til at spinde kunstige spider silkefibre, hvilket er en vigtig proces for efterforskerne studerer edderkoppespind produktion og deres anvendelse som næste generation biomaterialer. Bestemmelse Jord-transmitteret Helminth Infektion status og fysiske egnethed skolebørn Pejling Yap 1, 2, Thomas Fürst 1, 2, Ivan Müller 1, 2, Susi Kriemler 1, 2, Jürg Utzinger 1, 2, Peter Steinmann 1, 2 1 Institut for Epidemiologi og Folkesundhed, schweiziske Tropiske og Public Health Institute, Basel, Schweiz, 2 University of Basel, Basel, Schweiz Kronisk infektion med jord-transmitteres helminter (STHs) forårsager malabsorption, forkrøbling, og spilder på det voksende barn. Derfor er det sandsynligt, at disse infektioner også reducere physical egnethed for børn. Her vil vi visualisere to teknikker til diagnosticering af STHs og den 20-meter shuttle run test for at vurdere børns fysiske kondition. Kørsel Simulering i klinikken: Test Visual udforskende adfærd i dagligdagen Aktiviteter i patienter med Synsfeltsdefekter Johanna Hamel 1, 2, Antje Kraft 1, Sven Ohl 3, Sophie De Beukelaer 1, Heinrich J. Audebert 1, 2, Stephan A. Brandt 1 1 Institut for Neuro-Universitätsmedizin Charité, 2 Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Universitätsmedizin Charité, 3 Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Patienter med visuelle underskud efter slagtilfælde rapport om forskellige begrænsninger i hverdagen mest sandsynligt på grund af variabelkompenserende strategier, som er vanskelige at skelne i klinisk rutine. Vi præsenterer en klinisk set-up, som tillader måling af forskellige kompenserende hoved-og øjen-bevægelse-strategier og evaluere deres indvirkning på køreevnen. Visualisering af bakterielt toksin Inducerede Responses Brug af Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy Peter A. Keyel 1, Michelle E. Heid 1, Simon C. Watkins 2, Russell D. Salter 1 1 Institut for Immunologi, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2 Institut for Cellebiologi og Fysiologi, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Fremgangsmåder til oprensning af cholesterol binding toksin streptolysin O fra rekombinant E. coli og visualisering af toksin binding til levende eukaryote celler er beskrevet. Lokal afgivelse af toksin induces hurtige og komplekse ændringer i målceller afslører hidtil ukendte aspekter af toksin biologi. Vinkel-løst photoemission spektroskopi ved ekstremt lave temperaturer Sergey V. Borisenko 1, Volodymyr B. Zabolotnyy 1, Alexander A. Kordyuk 1, 2, Danil V. Evtushinsky 1, Timur K. Kim 1, 3, Emanuela Carleschi 4, Bryan P. Doyle 4, Rosalba Fittipaldi 5, Mario Cuoco 5, Antonio Vecchione 5, Helmut Berger 6 1 Institut for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, 2 Institute of Metal fysik National Academy of Sciences i Ukraine, 3 Diamond Light Source LTD, 4 Institut for Fysik, University of Johannesburg, 5 CNR-SPIN, og Dipartimento di fisica "ER Caianiello ", Università di Salerno, 6 Institute ofFysik af kompleks sag, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Det overordnede mål med denne metode er at bestemme den lav-energi elektronisk struktur af faste stoffer ved ultra-lave temperaturer ved hjælp af vinkel-løst photoemission Spektroskopi med synkrotronstråling. Et let, Hovedtelefoner-baseret system til at manipulere Auditiv Feedback i Songbirds Lukas A. Hoffmann 1, 2, Conor W. Kelly 1, 3, David A. Nicholson 1, 2, Samuel J. Sober 1 1 Biologisk Institut, Emory University, 2 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, 3 Program i Neurovidenskab og adfærdsbiologi, Emory University Vi beskriver design og montage af miniaturiserede hovedtelefoner egnet til at erstatte en sangfugl naturlige auditiv feedbackmed et manipuleret akustisk signal. Online lydbehandling hardware bruges til at manipulere sang output, introducere real-time fejl i auditiv feedback via hovedtelefonerne, og køre vokal motorisk indlæring. Taktil Conditioning og bevægelse Analyse af Antennal Sampling Strategies i honning bier (Apis mellifera L.) Samir Mujagić, Simon Michael Würth, Sven Hellbach, Volker Dürr Biologiske Kybernetik, CITEC – Kognitiv Interaction Technology – Center of Excellence, Bielefeld Universitet I denne protokol vi vise, hvordan man tilstand udnyttes honningbier til taktile stimuli og indføre en 2D motion capture teknik til at analysere kinematik finskala-antennal sampling mønster.